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65 Cards in this Set

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Erikson's theory of development is a stage theory, where each stage is characterized by________________.

an existential question or needing to resolve a psychosocial crisis
In Erikson's theory a person does/does not have to resolve the psychosocial conflict to advance to the next level.
Does not
Erikson's first stage (0-2 years) involves resolving what psychosocial crisis and what is the existential question to be answered?
Trust vs Mistrust; Can I trust the world?
Erikson's stage of Automony versus Shame and Doubt corresponds to what age range and requires what existential question to be answered?
2-4 years; Is it okay to be me?
When children are 4-5 years, Erikson believes they are in what stage and resolving what existential question?
Initiative versus Guilt; Is it okay for me to move, do, and act?
The existential question of "Can I make it in the world of people and things" corresponds to which age range and which psychosocial crisis in Erikson's theory?
Ages 5-12; Industry versus Inferiority
In Erikson's theory, at ages 13-19, children are in what psychosocial crisis and are trying to resolve what existential question?
Identity versus Role Confusion; Who am I? What can I be?
The existential question "Can I love" corresponds to which psychosocial crisis and what age range in Erikson's theory?
Intimacy versus Isolation; 20-24 years
Between 25 and 60, Erikon believes people are in what psychosocial crisis and answering what existential question?
Generativity versus Stagnation; Can I make my life count?
What age range corresponds to Erikon's stage Ego Integrity versus Despair? What existential question is being resolved?
65 to death; Is it okay to have been me?
If children master Erikson's stage Trust versus Mistrust, they gain what virtue?
Hope
To gain the virtue of "will", Erikson believes a child must master what stage?
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
If a child masters Erikson's stage Initiative versus Guilt, he or she will gain what virtue?
Purpose
To gain the virtue of "competence", Erikson believes a child must master what stage?
Industry versus Inferiority
To gain the virtue of "fidelity", Erikson believes a child must master what stage?
Identity versus Role Confusion
Piaget's theory of child development is a stage theory that primarily deals with ________________.
knowledge and how children acquire, construct, and use it
Piaget believed that progress through his stages of development was a result of ___________________ maturation and ________________________ experience.
Biological; Environmental
Piaget coined the term "assimilation" which means __________________.
To perceive and adapt to new information to fit within a pre-existing schema (i.e. assimilate the new information)
Piaget coined the term "accommodation" which means _______________________.
To alter one's schema to fit in new information (i.e. accommodate the new information)
Piaget's first stage is the ________________ stage and it extends from birth to ____________________.
Sensorimotor; language acquisition
During the sensorimotor stage of Piaget's theory, infants gain understanding of themselves as _____________________ by using their senses.
separate from the world
According to Piager, what is the most important accomplishment that an infant makes during the sensorimotor stage?
Object Permanance
Piaget's second stage of development is called ___________________ and it extends through this age range __________________.
Preoperational, age 2 to 7
During the peroperational stage in Piaget's theory, children's thought processes are characterized by what kind of thinking?
Egocentric
In what stage of Piaget's theory are children able to focus on the concrete and the present, but struggle with the abstract?
Concrete
Piaget's third stage of development is ____________________ and it extends through what age range?
Concrete Operational; ages 7-11
The major change in thinking that marks Piaget's Concrete Operational stage is the ability of the child to ___________________.
take another person's viewpoint
In which of Piaget's stages is a child first able to use logic appropriately?
Concrete Operational
In which of Piaget's theory are children able to understand the concept of conservation (and give a definition of conservation)
Concrete Operational; understanding that although an object’s appearance changes, it still stays the same in quantity
Define the concept of decentration and tell which of Piaget's stages it is accomplished in.
To take into account multiple aspects of a problem to solve it; Concrete Operational
Piaget's fourth stage of development is ____________________ and it extends through what age range?
Formal Operational; 11+ years
What are the two major development that happens during Piaget's stage of Formal Operations?
Abstract reasoning and Problem Solving
What sort of logic do children in Piaget's Concrete Operations stage use?
Inductive reasoning
What sort of logic do children in Piaget's Formal Operations use?
Deductive reasoning
Give the three broad levels of moral development that Kholberg's six stages can fit into.
Preconventional, Conventional, and Post Conventional
Which stage of moral reasoning is most commonly seen in children?
Preconventional
Which stage of moral reasoning is most commonly seen in adolescents?
Conventional
Which stage of moral reasoning is most commonly seen in adults, if it is seen at all?
Post Conventional
What is the main concern for those in Stage 1 of Kholberg's stages?
Obedience and Punishment
The following question exemplifies which of Kholberg's stages?
"How can I avoid punishment?
Obedience and Punishment
In Kholberg's stage "Obedience and Punishment" an action is wrong because _____________________.

the perpetrator is punished

What is the main concern for those in Stage 2 of Kholberg's stages?
Self Interest Orientation
The following question exemplifies which of Kholberg's stages?
"What's in it for me?"
Self Interest Orientation
In Kholberg's stage "Self Interest Orientation" an action is right defined by _____________________.
whatever the individual believes to be in their best interest but understood in a narrow way which does not consider one's reputation or relationships to groups of people
What is the main concern for those in Stage 3 of Kholberg's stages?
Interpersonal Accord and Conformity
Adherence to social norms exemplifies which of Kholberg's stages?
Interpersonal Accord and Conformity
In Kholberg's stage "Interpersonal Accord and Conformity" authority and rules are maintained in order to support ______________.
social roles
What is the main concern for those in Stage 4 of Kholberg's stages?
Authority and social-order maintaining orientation
Most adults reach which of Kholberg's stages of moral development?
Stage 4 - authority and social order obedience
In Kholberg's stage "Authority and social-order maintaining orientation", it is important to obey laws, dictums and social conventions because of their importance in _________________________.
maintaining a functioning society
What is the name of Freud's first stage of development and what is the age range for it?
Oral; birth to two years
What is the name of Freud's first stage of development and what is the age range for it?
Oral; birth to two years
What is the focus of a child's attention and gratification during the Oral stage of Freud's theory? What is the focus of development during this stage?
the mouth, the child uses their mouth to explore the world and receive gratification; learning independence
What is the focus of a child's attention and gratification during the Oral stage in Freud's theory? What is the focus of development during this stage?
the mouth; learning and independence
Which of these predominate during the Oral stage in Freud's theory?
The id, ego, or superego?
The id
In Freud's theory, which of these predominate during the Oral stage?
The id, ego, or superego?
The id
The anal stage is the _______ stage in Freud's theory and lasts from age _____ to _______.
second; 18 months; 3 years
The anal stage is the __________ stage in Freud's theory and lasts from age _________ to ____________.
second, 18 months; 3 years
According to Freud, the anus becomes the erogenous zone during what stage of development? What is the focus of development during this stage?
The anal stage; learning delayed gratification
According to Freud, the anus becomes the erogenous zone during what stage of development? What is the focus of development during this stage?
anal stage; learning delayed gratification
During the anal stage in Freud's theory, which of these is developing?
The id, ego, or superego?
The ego
During the Anal stage in Freud's theory, which of these is developing?
The id, ego, or superego?
the ego
What is the third stage in Freud's theory? What is the focus of development during this stage?
Phallic stage, learning about their bodies and gender differences
What is the third stage in Freud's theory? What is the focus of development during this stage?

Phallic stage; learning about their bodies and gender differences

According to Freud, what is the age range of the phallic stage?
3 to 6 years