Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Erikson's theory of development is a stage theory, where each stage is characterized by________________. |
an existential question or needing to resolve a psychosocial crisis
|
|
In Erikson's theory a person does/does not have to resolve the psychosocial conflict to advance to the next level.
|
Does not
|
|
Erikson's first stage (0-2 years) involves resolving what psychosocial crisis and what is the existential question to be answered?
|
Trust vs Mistrust; Can I trust the world?
|
|
Erikson's stage of Automony versus Shame and Doubt corresponds to what age range and requires what existential question to be answered?
|
2-4 years; Is it okay to be me?
|
|
When children are 4-5 years, Erikson believes they are in what stage and resolving what existential question?
|
Initiative versus Guilt; Is it okay for me to move, do, and act?
|
|
The existential question of "Can I make it in the world of people and things" corresponds to which age range and which psychosocial crisis in Erikson's theory?
|
Ages 5-12; Industry versus Inferiority
|
|
In Erikson's theory, at ages 13-19, children are in what psychosocial crisis and are trying to resolve what existential question?
|
Identity versus Role Confusion; Who am I? What can I be?
|
|
The existential question "Can I love" corresponds to which psychosocial crisis and what age range in Erikson's theory?
|
Intimacy versus Isolation; 20-24 years
|
|
Between 25 and 60, Erikon believes people are in what psychosocial crisis and answering what existential question?
|
Generativity versus Stagnation; Can I make my life count?
|
|
What age range corresponds to Erikon's stage Ego Integrity versus Despair? What existential question is being resolved?
|
65 to death; Is it okay to have been me?
|
|
If children master Erikson's stage Trust versus Mistrust, they gain what virtue?
|
Hope
|
|
To gain the virtue of "will", Erikson believes a child must master what stage?
|
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
|
|
If a child masters Erikson's stage Initiative versus Guilt, he or she will gain what virtue?
|
Purpose
|
|
To gain the virtue of "competence", Erikson believes a child must master what stage?
|
Industry versus Inferiority
|
|
To gain the virtue of "fidelity", Erikson believes a child must master what stage?
|
Identity versus Role Confusion
|
|
Piaget's theory of child development is a stage theory that primarily deals with ________________.
|
knowledge and how children acquire, construct, and use it
|
|
Piaget believed that progress through his stages of development was a result of ___________________ maturation and ________________________ experience.
|
Biological; Environmental
|
|
Piaget coined the term "assimilation" which means __________________.
|
To perceive and adapt to new information to fit within a pre-existing schema (i.e. assimilate the new information)
|
|
Piaget coined the term "accommodation" which means _______________________.
|
To alter one's schema to fit in new information (i.e. accommodate the new information)
|
|
Piaget's first stage is the ________________ stage and it extends from birth to ____________________.
|
Sensorimotor; language acquisition
|
|
During the sensorimotor stage of Piaget's theory, infants gain understanding of themselves as _____________________ by using their senses.
|
separate from the world
|
|
According to Piager, what is the most important accomplishment that an infant makes during the sensorimotor stage?
|
Object Permanance
|
|
Piaget's second stage of development is called ___________________ and it extends through this age range __________________.
|
Preoperational, age 2 to 7
|
|
During the peroperational stage in Piaget's theory, children's thought processes are characterized by what kind of thinking?
|
Egocentric
|
|
In what stage of Piaget's theory are children able to focus on the concrete and the present, but struggle with the abstract?
|
Concrete
|
|
Piaget's third stage of development is ____________________ and it extends through what age range?
|
Concrete Operational; ages 7-11
|
|
The major change in thinking that marks Piaget's Concrete Operational stage is the ability of the child to ___________________.
|
take another person's viewpoint
|
|
In which of Piaget's stages is a child first able to use logic appropriately?
|
Concrete Operational
|
|
In which of Piaget's theory are children able to understand the concept of conservation (and give a definition of conservation)
|
Concrete Operational; understanding that although an object’s appearance changes, it still stays the same in quantity
|
|
Define the concept of decentration and tell which of Piaget's stages it is accomplished in.
|
To take into account multiple aspects of a problem to solve it; Concrete Operational
|
|
Piaget's fourth stage of development is ____________________ and it extends through what age range?
|
Formal Operational; 11+ years
|
|
What are the two major development that happens during Piaget's stage of Formal Operations?
|
Abstract reasoning and Problem Solving
|
|
What sort of logic do children in Piaget's Concrete Operations stage use?
|
Inductive reasoning
|
|
What sort of logic do children in Piaget's Formal Operations use?
|
Deductive reasoning
|
|
Give the three broad levels of moral development that Kholberg's six stages can fit into.
|
Preconventional, Conventional, and Post Conventional
|
|
Which stage of moral reasoning is most commonly seen in children?
|
Preconventional
|
|
Which stage of moral reasoning is most commonly seen in adolescents?
|
Conventional
|
|
Which stage of moral reasoning is most commonly seen in adults, if it is seen at all?
|
Post Conventional
|
|
What is the main concern for those in Stage 1 of Kholberg's stages?
|
Obedience and Punishment
|
|
The following question exemplifies which of Kholberg's stages?
"How can I avoid punishment? |
Obedience and Punishment
|
|
In Kholberg's stage "Obedience and Punishment" an action is wrong because _____________________.
|
the perpetrator is punished |
|
What is the main concern for those in Stage 2 of Kholberg's stages?
|
Self Interest Orientation
|
|
The following question exemplifies which of Kholberg's stages?
"What's in it for me?" |
Self Interest Orientation
|
|
In Kholberg's stage "Self Interest Orientation" an action is right defined by _____________________.
|
whatever the individual believes to be in their best interest but understood in a narrow way which does not consider one's reputation or relationships to groups of people
|
|
What is the main concern for those in Stage 3 of Kholberg's stages?
|
Interpersonal Accord and Conformity
|
|
Adherence to social norms exemplifies which of Kholberg's stages?
|
Interpersonal Accord and Conformity
|
|
In Kholberg's stage "Interpersonal Accord and Conformity" authority and rules are maintained in order to support ______________.
|
social roles
|
|
What is the main concern for those in Stage 4 of Kholberg's stages?
|
Authority and social-order maintaining orientation
|
|
Most adults reach which of Kholberg's stages of moral development?
|
Stage 4 - authority and social order obedience
|
|
In Kholberg's stage "Authority and social-order maintaining orientation", it is important to obey laws, dictums and social conventions because of their importance in _________________________.
|
maintaining a functioning society
|
|
What is the name of Freud's first stage of development and what is the age range for it?
|
Oral; birth to two years
|
|
What is the name of Freud's first stage of development and what is the age range for it?
|
Oral; birth to two years
|
|
What is the focus of a child's attention and gratification during the Oral stage of Freud's theory? What is the focus of development during this stage?
|
the mouth, the child uses their mouth to explore the world and receive gratification; learning independence
|
|
What is the focus of a child's attention and gratification during the Oral stage in Freud's theory? What is the focus of development during this stage?
|
the mouth; learning and independence
|
|
Which of these predominate during the Oral stage in Freud's theory?
The id, ego, or superego? |
The id
|
|
In Freud's theory, which of these predominate during the Oral stage?
The id, ego, or superego? |
The id
|
|
The anal stage is the _______ stage in Freud's theory and lasts from age _____ to _______.
|
second; 18 months; 3 years
|
|
The anal stage is the __________ stage in Freud's theory and lasts from age _________ to ____________.
|
second, 18 months; 3 years
|
|
According to Freud, the anus becomes the erogenous zone during what stage of development? What is the focus of development during this stage?
|
The anal stage; learning delayed gratification
|
|
According to Freud, the anus becomes the erogenous zone during what stage of development? What is the focus of development during this stage?
|
anal stage; learning delayed gratification
|
|
During the anal stage in Freud's theory, which of these is developing?
The id, ego, or superego? |
The ego
|
|
During the Anal stage in Freud's theory, which of these is developing?
The id, ego, or superego? |
the ego
|
|
What is the third stage in Freud's theory? What is the focus of development during this stage?
|
Phallic stage, learning about their bodies and gender differences
|
|
What is the third stage in Freud's theory? What is the focus of development during this stage?
|
Phallic stage; learning about their bodies and gender differences |
|
According to Freud, what is the age range of the phallic stage?
|
3 to 6 years
|