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6 Cards in this Set
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Biological; Genetic; Jacobs XYY Study Description: - Men with an extra chromosome are hyper-masculinised and more likely to be aggressive - Jacob found that XYY sufferers were over represented in prisons. 15/1000 sufferers in prison population & 1/1000 in general public. - However, these offender usually commited non-violent crimes as opposed to violent as the theory suggested - Relation between XYY & learning difficulties |
Evaluation: S- Support from fact that criminal behaviour can be passed through genetics (Alder et al) W- Can't explain all types of crime GS- Support argument for bio determinism GW- Ignores role of environment |
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Twin & Adoption Studies Description: - Di/Monozygotic = non/identical - MZ higher concordance rate than DZ - Lange (1930): 13 MZ 59% 17 DZ 12% - 14,000+ adoptoon in Demark - A lot of adopted boys had biological parents with convictions - Show similar traits despite being in a different environment to parents |
Evaluation: S- Twins are good ways of studying genetics & Adoptions take away influence of nurture W- MZ more likely to share environment & criminal convictions may not be best measure of aggression |
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Physiological; Lombroso Description: - Criminals were described as a different species & a primitive throwback. - Atavistic features (large jaws, twisted nose, receding chins, etc. - Physical head shape determined 'born criminal'. |
Evaluation: S- Brought science to study of criminality W- Didn't pay attention to non-prisoners GS- Support for bio determinism GW- Ignores environmental factors |
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Sheldon Description: - Somatotype: ecto = introverted & restrained endo = sociable & relaxed meso = adventurous & aggressive - Mesomorphs are most likely to commit crime - 4000 photos of college students & delinquents |
Evaluation: S- Support from Glueck & Glueck; 60% of delinquents were mesomorphs W- Only studied male form; ignores female body type |
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Phineas Gage & Serotonin |
Description: - Phineas Gage was a railway worker which experienced an explosion causing a tamping iron rod to be driven through his skull destroying much of the left frontal lobe. - Survived but personality changed to be more aggressive and "no longer Gage" - Serotonin is a neurotrasmitter for happiness meaning low levels can lead to impulsive agression & criminal behaviour - Low levels remove calming inhibitoray effect that high levels give (certain things can increase serotonin levels; steroids/high testosterone levels decrease it) |
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Individualiatic; Learning; Bandura Description: - Social learning theory suggest behaviour is learnt through observing role models - If we observe behaviour being positively/negatively re-inforced, we are more/less likely to imitate it - Bandura et al investigated this with the 'bobo doll' |
Evaluation: S- Support from Williams (1986); examined children's aggression levels before & after tvs were introduced to an isolated community W- Doesn't explain why many commit crimes eventhough they see others being punished GS- Number of factors taken into account that biological theories dont like environment GW- Ignores agrument of bio determinism |
