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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the skeletal system functions?
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A. Structure & support
B. Protects organs C. Movement of muscles D. Hemopoiesis E. Electrolyte/mineral balance |
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Word Stem:
Hemo= |
Blood
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Word Stem
Poisis= |
act of producing
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What is hemopoiesis?
Where is it found? |
Hemopoiesis is the production of blood cells.
In adults it is found in red bone marrow of the proximal head of the humerous, femur, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, & Ossa Coxae. |
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Word Stem
Os= |
bone
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Word Stem
Cox= |
hip
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Word Stem
Inominate= |
without a name
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Bones store and release what?
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Electrolytes and minerals for balance.
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Definition of Organ.
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A group of tissues with a common function.
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Word Stem
Clast= |
break
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Bone Types:
Long bones are found? & do what? |
found in appendages.
for movement. |
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Bone Types:
Short bones |
equal in length & width.
for gliding movements (carpals & tarsals). |
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Bone Types:
Flat bones for? Found? |
Skull - frontal,
Thoracic - Sternum, ribs Pectoral girdle - scapula & clavicle To protect organs & for muscle attachment. |
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Bone Types:
Irregular bones for? Found? |
for muscle attachment.
Sphenoid, ethmoid, & vertebrae |
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Bone Types:
Wormian, found? |
Sutural bones between skull bones.
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Sesamoid?
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forms in tendons in response to stress. (Patella)
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Word Stem
Sesamoid= |
sesame like
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Word Stem
Meta= |
Between
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Bone as a tissue. (Osseous)=
What are Osteogenic cells? |
bone
osteogenic cells are stem cells that become osteoblasts. |
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Osteoblasts do what?
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secrete organic bone matrix which is called "osteoid"
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Word Stem
Osteoid= |
bone like
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Osteoblasts surround themselves with organic bone matrix and become?
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Osteocytes
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Osteocytes are?
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adult/mature bone cells surrounded by a lacuna.
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Osteoclasts do what?
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dissolve existing bone w/ HCl & acid phosphatase a bone eating enzyme.
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Osteoclasts come from?
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Macrophages/Monocytes
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Organic bone matrix is made up of?
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dense collagen & ground substance, which offers resistance to breakage.
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Inorganic bone matrix is made up of?
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85% Calcium & Phosphate, which travel in the blood and crystallize into hydroxyapatite crystals on the collagen. (This makes bones hard.)
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What keeps blood from crystallizing?
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Fetuin A & B inhibit the Calcium & Phosphate from crystallizing in the blood.
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Word Stem
Fetuin= |
fetus
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Fetuin inhibitor
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Osteoblasts inhibit Fetuin in bone so the calcium & phosphate can crystallize into hydroxyapitite.
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Bone Formation:
Ossification is? |
replacing existing tissue with bone.
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Calcification is?
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Depositing Calcium minerals in bone.
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Bones of the skull?
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Frontal, 2 Parietal bones, Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, & 2 Temporal bones.
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Sutures of the skull?
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Sagittal suture, Coronal suture, Squamosal suture, & Lambdoid suture.
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Word Stem
Styloid= |
pencil like
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What are the sections that make up the vertebral column?
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Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal.
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Name the Axial bones?
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Skull, vertebral column, ribs & sternum.
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Vertebral Column
Cervical vertebrae consists of how many vertebra? Name the 1st & 2nd? |
7 vertebrae
Atlas is the 1st cervical vertebra. Axis is the 2nd cervical vertebra. |
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Word Stem
Pecto= |
chest
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Word Stem
Pelvis= |
basin
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Thoracic vertebra contains?
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12 vertebra
(T1 - T12) |
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Lumbar vertebra contains?
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5 vertebra
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The Sacrum is?
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composed of 4 to 5 fused vertebra.
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The coccyx is?
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3 to 5 typically 4 coccygeal vertebrae that have begun fusing by age 25.
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Joins the 2 Os Coxae (anterior)?
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pubic symphysis
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Word Stem
Condyle= |
knuckle
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Word Stem
Bi= |
2
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Word Stem
Lacri= |
tear
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Word Stem
Cribriform= |
sieve like
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Word Stem
Petros= |
rock
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What makes up the pelvic girdle?
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Ossa Coxae connected anterior by pubic symphysis & posterior articulation with the sacrum.
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Name the 3 bones that make up the Ossa Coxae?
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ilium, ischium, & pubis
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Name the indentation in the Ossa Coxae where the femur connects?
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Acetabulum
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Name the type of cartilage that join the 2 Os Coxae anterior?
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fibrocartilage
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What is a process?
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Any projection or bump.
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Define: Trochanter
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a large, rough projection
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Define: Condyle
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A smooth, rounded articular process.
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Define: Trochlea
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a smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley.
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The Periosteum is found where?
What are the 2 layers of the Periosteum? |
Surrounds bone, modified fibrous
Outer layer: collagen Inner layer: osteoblasts |
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The 2 ends of a bone is called?
The shaft of the bone is called? Growth plate between the end and shaft is called? |
Epiphysis
Diaphysis Metaphysis |
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What type of cartilage is found where 2 bones articulate?
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Hyaline cartilage forms articular pads where bones meets.
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Word Stem
Malleolus= |
hammer
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Word Stem
Teres= |
long round
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Growth hormone does what/
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stimulates chondroblasts in the epiphysial plate, which leads to lengthening of long bones.
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Estrogen/testosterone stimulate?
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Osteoblasts, which secrete new bone tissue known as osteoid; then calcifies.
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Calcitonin made by the thyroid does what?
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stimulates osteoblasts & inhibits osteoclasts.
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(PTH) Parathyroid Hormone made by the parathyroid gland does what?1, 2, 3.
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1) increase calcitroil synthesis
2) Decreases urinary excretion of Ca+2 3) stimulates osteoclasts & inhibits osteoblasts. |
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Word Stem
Rostral= |
toward nose
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World Stem
Caudal= |
toward tail
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Osteoclast chew up bone to do what?
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release calcium in to the body.
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