The Science Of Psychology Ch 3

Front 1

Peripheral nervous system

Back 1

The network of nerves that connects the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body

Front 2

Neuroscience

Back 2

The study of the nervous system

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Nervous System

Back 3

The body's electrochemical communication circuitry

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Afferent nerves

Back 4

Nerves that carry information about the external environment to the brain and spinal cord via sensory receptors

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Efferent Nerves

Back 5

Nerves that carry information out of the brain and spinal cord to other areas of the body

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Central Nervous System

Back 6

The brain and spinal cord

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Plasticity

Back 7

The brains special capacity for change

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Somatic nervous system

Back 8

The body system consisting of the sensory nerves whose function is to convey information from the skin and muscles to the central nervous system about conditions such as pain, temperature, and motor nerves

Function to tell muscles what to do

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Autonomic nervous system

Back 9

The body's system that takes messages to and from the bodys internal organs. Monitoring such as process of breathing, heart rates and digestion.

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Sympathetic nervous system

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The part of the automatic nervous system that arouses the body to mobilize it for action. And thus involved in the experience of stress

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Parasympathetic nervous system

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The part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body

Front 12

Neurons

Back 12

One of two types of cells in the nervous system; neurons are the nerve cells that handle the information and function

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Glial cells

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The 2nd of two types of cells in the nervous system; they provide support nutritional benefits and other functions and keep neurons running smoothly

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Cell body

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Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus, which directs the manufacturer of the substance that the neuron needs for growth and maintenance

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Axon

Back 15

The part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body toward other cells

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Dendrites

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Treelike fibers projecting from a neuron which receive information and orient it towards the neuron's cell body

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Myelin sheath

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A layer of cells that encase and insulates most axons

Front 18

Neural impulse

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A breif electrical pulse that transmits information to parts of the body to tell it what to do

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Electrical charge

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Neurons create electrical signals by moving positive and negative ions back and forth through its outer membraine

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Synaptic gap

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(Synapses) the tiny space between neurons

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Action potential

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The breif wave of positive electrical charge that sweeps down the axon

Front 22

Resting potential

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-60 and -75 million

The stable negative charge of an inactive neuron

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Terminal button

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Each axon branches out into numerous fibers that end structures that store tiny synaptic vessels called neurotransmitters

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Neurotransmitters

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Chemical substance that are stored in very tiny sacs within the terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron

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Acetylcholine

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Stymulates the firing of neuronsand is involved in muscle actions, learning,and memory

Front 26

Dopamine

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Helps control voluntary movements and affects sleep, mood, attention, learning, and the ability to recognize opportunities for rewarding experiences in the environment

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GABA

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Gama Aminobutyric Acid, is found throughout the central nervous system it is believed to be the neurotransmitter present in as much as 1/3 of the brains synapses

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Serotonin

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Is involved in sleep regulations, mood, attention, learning. It teams with acetylcholine and norepinephrine. Lower levels of this are associated with depression.

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Glutamate

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Has a key role in exciting many neurons to fire and is especially involved in learning and memory, too much can over stimulate the brain and can trigger migraines, headaches, or even seizures. A factor in anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, alzhimer, and Parkinson

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Endorphin

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Are natural opiates substance that depress nervous system activity and eliminate pain. That mainly stimulates the firing nerves shields the body from pain and elevates feelings of pleasure

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Norepinephrine

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Stress stimulates the release of another of the body's neurotransmitters

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Oxytocin

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A hormone and neurotransmitters that plays an important role in the experience of love and social bonding

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Neural networks

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Indicate sensory input and motor output

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Endocrine system

Back 34

The body system consisting of a set of glands the regulate the activities of certain organs by releasing their chemical products into the bloodstream

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Glands

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Organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many of the bodily functions

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Hormones

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Chemicals messangers that are produced by the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream to all parts of the body

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Pituitary gland

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A pea-like gland just beneath the hypothalamus that controls growth and regulates other glands

Front 38

Adrenal glands

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At the top of each kidney that are responsible for regulating moods, energy levels, and the ability to cope with stress

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Pancreas

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A dual-purpose gland under the stomach the preforms both digestive and endocrine function.

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Ovaries and testes

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Glands that produce hormones involved in the development and reproduction

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How does the nervous system differ from the endocrine system

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The nervous system works closely closely with other bodliy system

The endocrine system consists of glands that regulate the activities of certain organs by releasing chemical products into the bloodstream

Front 42

Electroencephalograph

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A machine that records the brains electrical activity

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CT scan

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Produces a 3D imagine obtained by x-rays of the head that are assembled into a composite image by a computer

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Pet scan

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Based on matabolic changes in the brain related to activity , measures the amount of glucose in various areas of the brain and sends info to a computer