The Nervous System

Front 1

functions of the nervous system (3)

Back 1

-sensory
-integrative
-motor

Front 2

central nervous system

Back 2

brain and spinal cord
where decisions are made

Front 3

Peripheral nervous system

Back 3

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Somatic and Autonomic NSs

Front 4

somatic nervous system

Back 4

controls muscles
still peripheral NS

Front 5

autonomic nervous system

Back 5

controls organs and glands
still peripheral NS

Front 6

sympathetic nervouc system

Back 6

FIGHT OR FLIGHT
autonomic NS

Front 7

Parasympathetic nervous system

Back 7

REST AND DIGEST
autonomic NS

Front 8

types of cells in the NS (3)

Back 8

-neuroglia (six kinds)
-schwann cells (protect neurons)
-neurons (in PNS and mylenated (white) or unmylenated (grey))

Front 9

myelin

Back 9

fatty substance that insulates the nerve fiber and speeds up reactions

Front 10

neuron

Back 10

nerve cell for sensing, thinking, controlling muscles, regulating grandular secretions

Front 11

parts of a neuron (4)

Back 11

-dendrite
-axon, axon terminal, synaptic endbulb
-cell body
-nissl bodies, nucleus, nucleolus

Front 12

dendrite

Back 12

recieving or input portion tree shaped

Front 13

axon, axon terminal, synaptic bulb

Back 13

send the nerve impulse to another neuron

Front 14

nissl bodies

Back 14

site of protein synthesis in the neuron

Front 15

nucleolus

Back 15

making decisions about the cell part of the neuron

Front 16

nerve

Back 16

bundle of cells in the Peripherial NS

Front 17

tract

Back 17

bundle of cells in the central NS

Front 18

ganglia

Back 18

cluster of nerve cell bodies in Peripheral NS

Front 19

nucleus

Back 19

cluster of nerve cell bodies in central NS

Front 20

types of neurons (3)

Back 20

-sensory
-motor
-association

Front 21

resting membrane potential

Back 21

energy is stored
-- charge in cell, same amount of + charge outside cell

Front 22

ion channel

Back 22

opening in cell membrane for specific ions to come in

Front 23

action potential

Back 23

nerve impulse

Front 24

phases of nerve transmission (5)

Back 24

-resting membrane potential
-depolarization - +ions push into cell
-action potention
-repolarization - + ions push out of cell
-resting membrane potential again

Front 25

the all or nothing principal

Back 25

a single muscle fiber or neuron generates nerve impulse and the rest follow along like dominios!

Front 26

saltatory conduction

Back 26

impulses travel faster with less ATP

Front 27

continuous conduction

Back 27

impulse travels slower and occur in unmyelinated axons

Front 28

A fibers
B fibers
C fibers

Back 28

-largest in diameter, all myelinated, saltatory conduction, acute pain
-medium diameter, all myelinated but slower saltatory conduction
transmit impulse from organ to brain and spinal cord
-smallest, unmyelinated, continuous conduction
chronic pain

Front 29

medulla oblongota

Back 29

part of brainstem, contains all sensory and motor white matter tracts that connect the spinal cord with the brain

Front 30

pons

Back 30

contains nuclei of four pairs of cranial nerves that control facial expressions

Front 31

midbrain

Back 31

connects pons with diancephalon

Front 32

cerebellum

Back 32

second largest portion of the brain, recieves sensory input from prprioceptors in muscles, tendons, joints, and receptors for visual input and equillibrium

Front 33

diencephalon parts (4)

Back 33

-thalamus-relay station for sensory impulses
-hypothalamus-controls body activity thru pituitary
-epithalamus-holds pineal gland
-pineal gland-circadian

Front 34

cerebrum

Back 34

largest part of brain,higher thought processing, governs emotional aspects of behavior, pleasure, pain, anger, rage, and helps control muscle movemenbt

Front 35

spinal cord

Back 35

has continuous communication with brain, processes reflexes, integrates the PNS and CNS

Front 36

meninges (4)

Back 36

covering of the spinal cord
-dura mater
-arachnoid
-subarachnoid
-pia mater

Front 37

dura mater

Back 37

outer layer of spinal cord covering, tough mother

Front 38

arachnoid

Back 38

middle layer of spinal cord covering, A-vascular (doesn't bleed)

Front 39

subarachnoid

Back 39

this space contains cerebrospinal fluid which is filtered blood plasma

Front 40

pia mater

Back 40

inner layer, soft mother, what adheres to the brain and spinal cord like skin

Front 41

dorsal rami spinal nerves

Back 41

supplies the muscles, skin, and bones of posterior part of head, neck, and trunk

Front 42

ventral rami spinal nerves

Back 42

supplies the anterior muscles of the head, neck, trunk, and the limbs

Front 43

plexuses

Back 43

a network of nerves, veins, and lymphatic vessels

Front 44

phrenic nerve

Back 44

controls the diaphragm (c3-c5)

Front 45

musculocutaneous nerve

Back 45

supplies flexors of arm and forearm (C5-C7)

Front 46

axillary nerve

Back 46

supplies deltoid and teres minor (C5-C6)

Front 47

radial nerve

Back 47

supplies posterior aspect of arm and forearm (C5-T1)

Front 48

median nerve

Back 48

supplies anterior forearm and palm (C5-T1)
carpal tunnel nerve!

Front 49

ulnar nerve

Back 49

supplies flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi digitorum profundus

Front 50

femoral nerve

Back 50

supplies psoas, iliacus, and quads, lumbar nerve (L1-L4)

Front 51

obturator nerve

Back 51

supplies adductor muscles, lumbar nerve (L1-L4)

Front 52

sciatic nerve

Back 52

supplies hamstrings, anterior and posterior compartments of legs, sacral nerve (L4-S3)

Front 53

intercostal nerves

Back 53

do not form a plexus but they do supply the ribs and muscles of the thoracic area

Front 54

cranial nerves (3)

Back 54

-V trigeminal
-VII Facial
-X vagus

Front 55

stretch reflex

Back 55

stretching stimulates a RECEPTOR, SENSORY NEURON is excited, with in the INTEGRATING CENTER a decision is being made, MOTOR NEURON is excited, EFFECTOR (same muscle) contracts to releave the stretching!

Front 56

tendon reflex

Back 56

Increased tension stimulates RECEPTOR, SENSORY NEURON is excited, with in the INTEGRATING CENTER there is an activation of inhibitory assocaiation neurons, MOTOR NEURON is inhibited, EFFECTOR (muscle) relaxes to relieve excess tension

Front 57

inhibitory association

Back 57

excititory neurons in spinal cord activate motor neurons to make antagonist muscle contract
(stretch hamstring, relaxes quad)

Front 58

receptors (3)

Back 58

-mechanoreceptors-detect work
-thermoreceptors- temp change
-photorecpetors-light on retina

Front 59

receptors (3)

Back 59

-chemorecptors-chemicals
-nocioreceptors- pain
-propriorecptors- muscle length

Front 60

PNF

Back 60

Proprioreceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Front 61

In nervous system
sensory job
integrative job
motor job

Back 61

-senses inside and outside the body
-analyzes, stores, and makes decisions
-responds by initiating muscle contraction or grandular secretions

Front 62

sensory neuron function

Back 62

Afferent--tranasmit from receptor in body to Central NS

Front 63

motor neuron function

Back 63

Efferent--transmit away from central NS to body part

Front 64

association neuron function

Back 64

Integrative--in central NS and makes decisions

Front 65

nerve impulse

Back 65

ion channels open to give enough ATP to open the next channe

Front 66

V trigeminal cranial nerve

Back 66

controls muscles of face and chewing (mastication)

Front 67

VII Facial cranial nerve

Back 67

controls facial expressions

Front 68

X vagus cranial nerve

Back 68

controls muscles of larynx and pharynx