"the Human Species" - Intro To Biological Anthropology Ch. 5

Front 1

Antibody

Back 1

A substance that reacts to other substances(antigens) invading the body.

Front 2

Antigen

Back 2

A substance invading the body that simulates the production of antibodies.

Front 3

Electrophoresis

Back 3

A laboratory method that uses electronic current to separate proteins, allowing genotypes to be determined.

Front 4

HLA System
(H)

Back 4

A diverse genetic system consisting of linked loci on chromosome 6 that control autoimmune response.
(H)

Hint 4

(Human Leukocyte Antigen)

Front 5

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
(H)

Back 5

A genetic trait defined in terms of the length of DNA fragments produced when certain enzymes cut the DNA sequence.(H)

Hint 5

(RFLP)
-These certian enzymes are also called Resriction Enzymes.

Front 6

Haplotype
(H)

Back 6

A combination of genes or DNA sequences that are inherited as a single unit.
(H)

Hint 6

Like Linkage

Front 7

Microsatellite DNA
(H)

Back 7

Repeated short sequences of DNA (2-5 bases); the number of repeats is a high variable.
(H)

Hint 7

-Small-Dave-Molecule
The DNA sequence CACACACACA contains 5 repeats.

Front 8

Alu Insertion

Back 8

A sequence of DNA repeated at different locations on different chromosomes.

Front 9

Single-nucleotide Polymorphism
(H)

Back 9

Specific positions in a DNA sequence that differ at ONE base.
(H)

Hint 9

(SNPs)

Sequence 1: GAACCTTTA
Sequence 2: GAATCTTTA

Front 10

Mitochondrial DNA
(H)

Back 10

A small amount of DNA that is located in the mitochondria of cells.
(H)

Hint 10

Only inherited through the mother.

Front 11

Anthropometrics

Back 11

Measurements of the human body, skull, and face.

Front 12

Odontometrics

Back 12

Measurements of the size of teeth.

Front 13

Dermatoglyphics

Back 13

Measurements of finger and palm prints, including type classification and ridge counts.

Front 14

Race
(H)

Back 14

As applied to humans, this is a vague term that has multiple meanings, both cultural and biological, refering to group membership.
(H)

Hint 14

EX. "White"
"Japanese"
"Jewish"

Front 15

Biological Race
(H)

Back 15

A group of populations sharing certian biological traits that makes them distinct from other groups of populations.
(H)

Hint 15

"Subspecies" or "Taxonomic Race"

Front 16

Genetic Distance

Back 16

An average measure of relatedness (or genetic similarity) between populations, based on a number of traits. Also used for understanding effects of genetic drift and gene flow, which should affect all loci to the same extent.

Front 17

Genetic Distance Map
(H)

Back 17

A picture that shows genetic relationships between populations.
(H)

Hint 17

Simply a two-dimensional plot showing the genetic relationship between the populations.

Front 18

Isolation by Distance Model

Back 18

A model that predicts that the genetic distance between populations increases as the geographic distance between them increases.

Front 19

Female Chromosomes

Back 19

XX

Front 20

Male Chromosomes

Back 20

XY

Front 21

Luigi Cavalli-Sforza (1994)

Back 21

Geneticist who conducted the most comprehensive study of genetic distance, by computing the genetic distance between 42 human populations worldwide using data on 120 allele frequencies (mostly red blood cell polymorphisms and HLA markers). He made a genetic distance map that showed a strong relationship to the geogrphic distances between populations.