"the Human Species" - Intro To Biological Anthropology Ch. 1

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Anthropology

Back 1

The science that investigates human biological and cultural variation and evolution.

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Culture

Back 2

Behavior that is shared, learned, and socially transmitted.

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Biocultural Approach

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Approach of studying humans in terms of the interaction between biology and culture in evolutionary adaption.

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Holistic(H)

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Integrating all aspects of existence in understanding human variation and evolution.(H)

Hint 4

"Whole"

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Variation

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The differences that exist among individuals or populations.

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Comparative Approach (H)

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Approach that compares human populations to determine common and unique behaviors or biological traits. (H)

Hint 6

The primary tool of Cultural Anthropologists.

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Evolution (H)

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Change in populations of organisms from one generation to the next.(H)

Hint 7

Both fact and theory.

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Adaptation

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The process of successful interaction between a population and an environment.

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Cultural Anthropology

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The subfield of anthropology that focuses on variations in cultural behaviors among human populations.

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Archaeology

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The subfield of anthropology that focuses on cultural variation in pre-historic and historic populations by analyzing the culture's remains.

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Linguistic Anthropology

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The subfield of anthropology that focuses on the nature of human language, the relationship of language to culture, and the languages of nonliterate peoples.

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Biological Anthropology(H)

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The subfield of anthropology that focuses on the biological evolution of humans and human ancestors, the relationship of humans to other organisms, and the patterns of biological variation within and among human populations.(H)

Hint 12

Also refered to as "Physical Anthropology"

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Hypothesis

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An explanation of observed facts.

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Theory

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A set of hypotheses that have been tested repeatedly and that have not been rejected.

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Taxonomy

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The science of describing and classifying organisms.

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Species

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A group of populations whose members can interbreed naturally and produce fertile offspring.

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Genus

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Groups of species with similar adaptations.

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Natural Selection

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A mechanism for evolutionary change favoring the survival and reproduction of some organisms over others because of their biological characteristics.

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Theistic Evolution

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The belief that God operates through the natural process of evolution.

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Intelligent Design Creationism

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The idea that the biological world was created by an intelligent entity and did not arise from natural processes.

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Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
(H)

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Developed the theory of natural selection by observing different organisms and how their characteristics were perfectly adapted to thier natural envirinment. Known as the "Father of evolutionary thought," (H)

Hint 21

Natural Selection
-Finches
-wrote "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection"

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Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
(H)

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Swedish naturalist who compiled one of the first formal classifications of all known living organisms.(H)

Hint 22

Taxonomy

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Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
(H)

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French anatomist that analyzed many of the fossil remains found in quarries. He showed that many of these fossils were of animals that had become extinct in his hypothesis of catastrophism.(H)

Hint 23

Catastrophism

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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)

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French scientist who believed that the environment affected the future evolution of organisms, through differences in the use and disuse of body parts.

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Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)

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Economist whose writings influenced Darwins theory of natural selection, and noted that many organisms die before reaching maturity and reproducing.

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Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)

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Helped develope the theory of natural selection with Darwin.