Ganth 196 Test 1 Ch3

Front 1

Anthropology

Back 1

The science that investigates human biological and cultural variation and evolution.

Front 2

Culture

Back 2

Behavior that is shared, learned, and socially transmitted.

Front 3

Biocultural Approach

Back 3

Approach of studying humans in terms of the interaction between biology and culture in evolutionary adaption.

Front 4

Variation

Back 4

The differences that exist among individuals or populations.

Front 5

Evolution (H)

Back 5

Change in populations of organisms from one generation to the next.(H)

Hint 5

Both fact and theory.

Front 6

Adaptation

Back 6

The process of successful interaction between a population and an environment.

Front 7

Cultural Anthropology

Back 7

The subfield of anthropology that focuses on variations in cultural behaviors among human populations.

Front 8

Archaeology

Back 8

The subfield of anthropology that focuses on cultural variation in pre-historic and historic populations by analyzing the culture's remains.

Front 9

Biological Anthropology(H)

Back 9

The subfield of anthropology that focuses on the biological evolution of humans and human ancestors, the relationship of humans to other organisms, and the patterns of biological variation within and among human populations.(H)

Hint 9

Also refered to as "Physical Anthropology"

Front 10

Taxonomy

Back 10

The science of describing and classifying organisms.

Front 11

Species

Back 11

A group of populations whose members can interbreed naturally and produce fertile offspring.

Front 12

Genus

Back 12

Groups of species with similar adaptations.

Front 13

Natural Selection

Back 13

A mechanism for evolutionary change favoring the survival and reproduction of some organisms over others because of their biological characteristics.

Front 14

Theistic Evolution

Back 14

The belief that God operates through the natural process of evolution.

Front 15

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
(H)

Back 15

Developed the theory of natural selection by observing different organisms and how their characteristics were perfectly adapted to their natural environment. Known as the "Father of evolutionary thought," (H)

Hint 15

Was a naturalist
Background in medicine and theology
Natural Selection
-Finches
-wrote "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection"

Front 16

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
(H)

Back 16

Swedish naturalist who compiled one of the first formal classifications of all known living organisms.(H)

Hint 16

Taxonomy

Front 17

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
(H)

Back 17

French anatomist that analyzed many of the fossil remains found in quarries. He showed that many of these fossils were of animals that had become extinct in his hypothesis of catastrophism.(H)

Hint 17

Catastrophism

Front 18

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)

Back 18

French scientist who believed that the environment affected the future evolution of organisms, through differences in the use and disuse of body parts.

Front 19

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)

Back 19

Economist whose writings influenced Darwins theory of natural selection, and noted that many organisms die before reaching maturity and reproducing.

Front 20

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)

Back 20

Helped develop the theory of natural selection with Darwin.
"Father of Biogeography"

Hint 20

Wrote papers to Darwin about natural selection

Front 21

Four most popular prevalent views of the natural world

Back 21

1. The Earth is young
2. Divine creation still the most prominent explanation of human origins
3. Fossils were the result of the biblical
4. Fixed view of the world was prevalent

Hint 21

boobies

Front 22

Artificial Selection

Back 22

Modification of a species by human intervention so that certain desirable traits are represented in successive generations.

Hint 22

wolves to dogs

Front 23

Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

Back 23

1. individuals within a species vary
2. most of this variation can be inherited
3. struggle for existence/intense competition
4. Due to that variation in traits some individuals are better able to survive and reproduce than others
(more likely to survive and reproduce)

Front 24

Microevolution

Back 24

gradual changes in the genetic material of a population over time

Hint 24

Darwin's Finches, beak size, and the drought

Front 25

Macroevolution

Back 25

the origin and extinction of species

Front 26

Thomas Huxley (1825-1895)

Back 26

Wrote first biological anthropology textbook, Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863)

Front 27

Sexual Selection

Back 27

the evolutionary change that occurs because of variation in (often male) ability to acquire mates

Front 28

Intraselection

Back 28

"male-male competition"
you can acquire mates by preventing our rivals from mating

Hint 28

fighting

Front 29

Interselection

Back 29

"female choice"
you can acquire mates by attracting them to you

Hint 29

physical trait

Front 30

Sexual Dimorphism

Back 30

differences among the sexes due to sexual selection