The Evolution Of A Science

Front 1

Psychology

Back 1

the ecientific study of mind and behavior

Front 2

Mind

Back 2

private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories and feelings

Front 3

Behavior

Back 3

observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals

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Nativism

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the philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn

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Philosophical empiricism

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the philosophical view that all knowledge is acquired through experience

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Rene Descartes

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the french philosopher who argued that body and mind are fundamentally different and suggested that the mind influences the bofy through the brain

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Pherenology

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a psychological theory held that specific mental abilitis and characteristics are localized in specific regions of the brain (by Franz Gall)

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Pierre Flourens

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the French biologist who conducted experiments in which he surgicall removed specific parts of the brain from some animals and found that their actions and movements differed from those of animals with intact brains

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Paul Broca

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the French surgeon who observed the effects of brain damage on mental abilities of people and animals by working with brain-damaged person who could comprehend but not produce spoken language. He suggested that the mind is grounded in the material processes of the brain

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Herman von Helmholtz

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the German physiologist who applied methods from physiology to the study of psychology: by measuring a person's reaction times to different stimuli, he estimated the length of time it takes a nerve impulse to travel to the brain

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Wilhelm Wundt

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the German physiologist who founded the first laboratory devoted to physiological psychology at the university and developed a school of thought called structuralism

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Stracturalism

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The analysis of the basic elements of consciousness

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William James

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the American psychologist who pioneered the school of functionalism and applied Darwin's theory of natural selection to the mind

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Functionalism

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the study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment

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Natural Selection

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Charles Darwin's theory that the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations

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Illusions

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errors of perception, memory or judgment in which subjective experience differs from objective reality

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Gestalt Psychology

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a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts

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Psychoanalysis

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a therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders

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Humanistic psychology

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an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings

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Behaviorism

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the scientific study of observable actions and responses, not including inner mental process

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Cognitive psychology

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the scientific study of mental process, including perception, thought, memory and reasoning

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Behavioral neuroscience

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an approach to psychology that links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily process: How does the brain regulate behavior?

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Cognitive neuroscience

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a field that attempts to link the brain with the mind studies of brain-damaged and health patients using neuroimaging techniques: How does the brain regulate thinking?

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Social psychology

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a subfield of psychology that studies the causes and consequences of interpersonal behavior: how individuals influence and interact with one another
(from social memory to social relationships)

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Cultural psychology

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the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members: the effects of the broader culture on individuals and with similarties and differences among people between different cultures
(from visual perception to social interaction)