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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functions of the Digestive system (5)
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-ingestion
-movement -digestion -absorption -defecation |
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two ways to digest food
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-mechanical-chewing, shredding
-chemical-amylase breaks down startches and lingual lipase breaks down fats |
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pharynx
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throat, voluntary, moves food from mouth to esophagus
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esophagus
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performs peristalsis, involuntary, propels food along the GI tract
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stomach
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mixes chyme (food), digests protein with pepsin, destroys bacteria, absorbs water, secrets gastrin
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small intestine
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90% of absorption takes place here, produces peptidases, maltase, sucrase, and lactase to break down chyme
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duodenum
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first part of SI where the common bile duct and pancreatic duct empty into
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jejunum
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second part of SI, longest and where most absorption happens
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ileum
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last part of SI that connects to the Large intestine
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ileocecal valve
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shuts off the small intestine to the large intestine
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pepsin
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what the stomach produces to start the break down of protein
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peptidases
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breaks down peptides into amino acids
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maltase
sucrase lactase |
-breaks down to maltose
-breaks down to sucrose -breaks down to lactose |
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Large instestine parts (3)
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-cecum
-colon (ascending-transverse-descending-sigmoid) -rectum |
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Large intestine functions (3)
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-excretes wastes with defecation
-absorbs nutrients -makes Vitamin K to fight bacteria |
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salivary glands (3)
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-submandibular
-sublingual -paratid |
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fucntions of salivary glands (4)
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-lubricates food
-dissolves food to digest it easier -secrestes digestion enzymes -secretes lysosomes to kill bacteria |
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pancreative amylase
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breaks down startches to sucrose, lactose, and maltose (sugars)
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trypsin
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breaks down peptides to smaller peptides
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lipase
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breaks down fat to fatty acid
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liver functions (more than 200)
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-detoxify system
-store vitamins -produce bile for digestion and absorption -removes pathogens and damages blood cells -removes hormones from blood -forms a precursor of Vitamin D so the kidney can form Vitamin D |
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gallbladder function
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stores bile that is secreted by the liver
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layers of the GI tract (4)
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-mucosa
-submucosa -muscularis -serosa |
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mucose layer of GI tract
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inner most layer, deep lining of tract made of epithelial tissue
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submucosa layer of GI tract
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2nd layer made of CT that binds the mucosa to the muscularis, where blood and lymph vessels live
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muscularis layer of GI tract
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skeletal function-voluntary-swallowing
smooth function-involuntary-thru the rest of tract |
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serosa layer of the GI tract
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outer lining, visceral peritoneum-skin of the organ
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starches/carbs
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main source of energy, stored as GLYCOGEN, must be broken down into GLUCOSE to be absorbed
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fats/lipids
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must be broken down into fatty acids and GLYCEROL
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proteins
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must be broken down into amino acids
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metabolism
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the sum of breaking down and building up of chemicals in the body, ATP is the energy needed
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anabolism
catabolism |
-build UP of simple substances to more complexed substances
-break DOWN complex compounds into simple ones |
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vitamins
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organic nutrients that help maintain growth and normal metabolism
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minerals
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inorganic substances that help regulate body processes, enzymes formulate and buffer PH
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enzymes:
ASE = OSE = |
=break down
=full of |
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submandibular salivary gland
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-makes salivary analase and mucose
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sublingual salivary gland
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-makes some salivary analase and mucose
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paratide salivary gland
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-inferior and anterior to the ear
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