The Cell

Front 1

Describe in order the organization of cells in a multicellular organism.

Back 1

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, the complete organism

Front 2

mitosis

Back 2

the doubling of the chromosome number and then the dividing of the cell into two new daughter cells

Front 3

osmosis

Back 3

diffusion of water

Front 4

the cell organelle where aerobic respiration takes place

Back 4

mitochondria

Front 5

fermentation

Back 5

a type of anaerobic respiration that forms lactic acid or alcohol as a waste product

Front 6

anaerobic respiration

Back 6

respiration without oxygen

Front 7

chemical equation for aerobic respiration

Back 7

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Front 8

aerobic respiration

Back 8

respiration that uses oxygen

Front 9

respiration

Back 9

the process of releasing energy stored in food

Front 10

chromosomes

Back 10

a double rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information

Front 11

Virchow's contribution to the cell theory

Back 11

All cells come from other cells

Front 12

Schleiden and Schwann's contribution to the cell theory

Back 12

All living things are made of cells

Front 13

Who came up with the name cell?

Back 13

Robert Hooke

Front 14

What was Robert Hooke looking at when he coined the term cell?

Back 14

cork

Front 15

active transport

Back 15

the movement of particles from less concentrated to more concentrated and uses energy

Front 16

diffusion

Back 16

movement of particles from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

Front 17

mitochondria

Back 17

rod shaped organelle called the powerhouse of the cell where respiration takes place

Front 18

cell wall

Back 18

outermost boundary of a plant or bacterial cell that is made of cellulose and supports and holds up the plant

Front 19

chloroplast

Back 19

cell organelle that is a large, irregularly shaped sturcture that contains the green pigment chlorophyll, the food making site of a plant

Front 20

cytoplasm

Back 20

jelly like liquid that fills a cell

Front 21

cell membrane

Back 21

thin flexible envelope that surrounds a cell, controls the movement of materials into and out of a cell

Front 22

ribosome

Back 22

grainlike body made of RNA and attached to the inner surface of an endoplasmic passageway, protein making site of the cell

Front 23

nucleus

Back 23

the brain of the cell, directs all the activities of the cell

Front 24

lysosome

Back 24

small round structure involved in the digestive activities of a cell

Front 25

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 25

clear tubular passageway leading out from the nuclear membrane that is involved in the transport of proteins

Front 26

microscope

Back 26

an instrument that makes small objects look larger

Front 27

chloroplast

Back 27

a structure in the cells of plants that captures the energy of sunlight and turns it into food

Front 28

element

Back 28

any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Front 29

compound

Back 29

two or more elements that are chemically combined

Front 30

carbohydrate

Back 30

energy-rich compound such as sugar or starch that is made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Front 31

lipid

Back 31

energy-rich compound such as fat, oil, or wax that is made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Front 32

protein

Back 32

large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

Front 33

amino acid

Back 33

a small molecule that is linked chemically to other animo acids to form proteins

Front 34

enzyme

Back 34

a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in a living thing

Front 35

nucleic acid

Back 35

very large organic molecule that contains the instructions cells need of carry out all the functions of life

Front 36

selectively permeable

Back 36

cell membrane that allows some substances to pass through, while other cannot

Front 37

passive transport

Back 37

the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy

Front 38

photosynthesis

Back 38

the process by which plants capture energy in sunlight and use it to make food

Front 39

chemical equation for photosynthesis

Back 39

6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Front 40

cell cycle

Back 40

the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo

Front 41

mitosis

Back 41

the stage of the cell cycle where the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of DNA is distrubuted into each daughter cell

Front 42

interphase

Back 42

the stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs

Front 43

cytokinesis

Back 43

the final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new daughter cells