The Axial Skeleton

Front 1

Axial Skeleton

Back 1

Bones that lie around the longitudinal axis

Front 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 2

Bones of the upper and lower limbs; bones that form girdles that connect limbs to Axial Skeleton

Front 3

Girdles

Back 3

Shoulder Blades, Collar Bones, Bony structures that attach the limbs to the body

Front 4

Long Bones

Back 4

greater in length than width

Front 5

Short Bones

Back 5

cube-shaped, contain mostly spongey bone (bones of wrist and ankles)

Front 6

Flat Bones

Back 6

Thin, two nearly parallel plates of compact bone enclosing layer of spongy bone

Front 7

Irregular Bones

Back 7

complex shapes

Front 8

Sesamoid Bones

Back 8

bone embedded in a tendon (knee)

Front 9

Sutural Bones

Back 9

small, extra bone plates located in the sutures of cranial bones

Front 10

Two major types of surface markings

Back 10

Depressions and openings, Processes

Front 11

Depression and Openings

Back 11

sites allowing the passage of soft tissue such as nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, tendons or formations of joints.

Front 12

Processes

Back 12

bony projections that provide sites for ligaments and tendons to attach, form joints

Front 13

Process

Back 13

Projection of a bone

Front 14

Spinous Process

Back 14

Slender projection from a vertabrae

Front 15

Foramen

Back 15

Opening in a bone through which blood vessels and/or nerves pass

Front 16

Spinal/Vertebral Foramen

Back 16

spinal cord passes through

Front 17

Condyle

Back 17

large, round, and articular bony process

Front 18

Epicondyle

Back 18

bone protuberance above a condyle

Front 19

Fossa

Back 19

shallow depression in bone

Front 20

Articular

Back 20

forms a joint

Front 21

Tubercle

Back 21

small rounded projection

Front 22

Tuberosity

Back 22

large bony prominence that is not articular

Front 23

Meatus

Back 23

tube-like canal

Front 24

Trochanters

Back 24

two very large bony projections on the femur

Front 25

Bones in the central (axial) skeleton

Back 25

Skull, Vertebral column (including Sacrum), Ribs, Sternum (80 bones in total)

Front 26

Skull

Back 26

protects brain and special sense organs; forms cranial cavity and several smaller cavities: nasal, orbits (eye sockets), paranasal sinuses, hearing and equilibrum

Front 27

Catagories of the skull

Back 27

cranial and facial bones

Front 28

Parietal bone

Back 28

either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium

Front 29

Temporal bone

Back 29

a thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear

Front 30

Occipital bone

Back 30

a saucer-shaped membrane bone that forms the back of the skull

Front 31

Frontal bone

Back 31

the large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: the forehead and the upper part of the orbits

Front 32

Sphenoid bone

Back 32

butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull

Front 33

Ethmoid bone

Back 33

irregularly shaped bone located between the eye orbits, forms the roof of the nasal cavity

Front 34

Suture

Back 34

seam, an immovable joint (especially between the bones of the skull)

Front 35

Fontanels

Back 35

soft, undifferentiated, loose connective tissue that fills spaces between cranial bones in babies (will become suture in adults)

Front 36

Mandible

Back 36

Lower jaw bone (1)

Front 37

Maxilla

Back 37

upper jaw bone (2)

Front 38

Vomer

Back 38

Nasal septum (1)

Front 39

Nasal bones

Back 39

bridge of nose (2)

Front 40

Zygomatic bones

Back 40

cheekbones (2)

Front 41

Lacrimal bones

Back 41

the two small, thin bones located at the corner of each eye (2)

Front 42

Palatine bones

Back 42

form part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose (2)

Front 43

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Back 43

make up part of the interior of the nose (2)

Front 44

Hyoid bone

Back 44

a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles, doesn't articulate with any other bone, site of attachment for tongue, pharynx and neck

Front 45

Skull framework

Back 45

attachment of muscles to move various parts of the head, produces facial expressions

Front 46

Facial bones

Back 46

provide framework of the face, support for entrance to digestive and respiratory system

Front 47

Spine

Back 47

composed of vertebrae

Front 48

Vertebrae

Back 48

consist of body, pedicle and lamina, several processes

Front 49

Body

Back 49

weight bearing

Front 50

Pedicle and lamina

Back 50

form the vertebral arch- surrounds spinal cord

Front 51

Cervical vertabrae

Back 51

seven of them, located in neck, C1-C7

Front 52

Thoracic vertebrae

Back 52

twelve of them, articulate with ribs, T1-T12

Front 53

Lumbar vertebrae

Back 53

five of them, support lower back, L1-L5

Front 54

Sacrum and coccyx

Back 54

singles bones that result from fusion of vertebrae, tailbone

Front 55

Vertebrae

Back 55

26 small bones that make up your backbone

Front 56

Intervertabral Foramen

Back 56

exiting of spinal nerves

Front 57

Intervertebral discs

Back 57

seperate vertebral discs with pads of flexible fibrocartilage, cushion, and absorb shock

Front 58

Cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Back 58

curves are convex (bulge out)

Front 59

Thoracic and sacral vertebrae

Back 59

curves are concave (cupping in)

Front 60

Atlas

Back 60

the 1st cervical vertebra

Front 61

Axis

Back 61

the 2nd cervical vertebra (provides pivot)

Front 62

Sacrum

Back 62

single triangular body formed from a fusion of 5 seperate vertebrae

Front 63

Coccyx

Back 63

tailbone; final segment of bony spine; fusion of 4 vertebrae

Front 64

Thoracic Cage

Back 64

consists of thoracic vertebrae, the ribs and the sternum; protects the heart, lungs, thymus and other structures within the cavity; serves as an attachment site for muscles involved in respiration, positioning vertebral column, movements of the pectoral girdle and upper limb

Front 65

Sternum

Back 65

the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs, located anteriorly in center of thoracic wall; consists of manubrium, body, xiphoid process; 12 pairs of ribs give structural support to sides of thoracic cavity

Front 66

Costal Cartilages

Back 66

the hyaline cartilages that connect the sternum and the ends of the ribs; contribute to elasticity of thoracic cage (breathing)

Front 67

True Ribs

Back 67

top 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage

Front 68

False Ribs

Back 68

last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum

Front 69

Floating Ribs

Back 69

last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum

Front 70

Superior Facet

Back 70

Spinal joint that faces upward and limits movement, protects spinal cord

Front 71

Inferior Facet

Back 71

Spinal joint that faces downward, bone protruding vertically below the vertebrae, connects the vertebrae together

Front 72

Articular Facet

Back 72

superior and inferior joints that connect vertebrae to each other