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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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being able to use language to make yourself understood; and to understand another person |
capacity to generate EMPATHY |
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the ability to move around Kiesler's Interpersonal Circle as the situation requires |
achieving interpersonal FLEXIBILITY |
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2 goals of interpersonal maturity |
1) empathy 2) flexibility |
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such maturity is not seen in patients diagnosed with ________ ________ |
personality disorder(s) |
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credited with being the first person to believe that diseases were caused naturally, not because of superstition and the gods |
hippocrates |
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we think about personality as being hardwired, this is what we call _________. |
temperament |
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the aspect of personality concerned with emotional dispositions and reactions and their intensity; the term often is used to refer to the predominant mood or mood pattern of a person |
temperament |
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who created the humoral theory of disease? |
hippocrates |
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Four Humors/Fluids |
-Phlegm: brain -Blood: heart -Yellow bile: liver -Black bile: spleen |
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In Hippocrates' 4 Humors... "calm" is associated with |
phlegm/brain |
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In Hippocrates' 4 Humors... "cheerful" is associated with |
blood/heart |
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In Hippocrates' 4 Humors... "strong emotion" is associated with |
yellow bile/liver |
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In Hippocrates' 4 Humors... "melancholic/somber" is associated with |
black bile/spleen |
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Galen's Four Temperament types compared to Hippocrates' |
Galen vs. Hippocrates -Phlegmatic -Phlegm -Sanguine -Blood -Choleric -Yellow Bile -Melancholic -Black Bile |
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definition of personality disorder |
enduring maladaptive patterns for relating to the environment and self, exhibited in a range of contexts that cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress |
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paranoid personality disorder is in what cluster? |
cluster a |
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definition of paranoid personality disorder |
personality disorder involving pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent |
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schizoid personality disorder definition |
personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions |
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schizoid personality disorder is in which cluster? |
cluster a |
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schizotypal personality disorder is in which cluster? |
cluster a |
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schizotypal personality disorder definition |
personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits featuring acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships, as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior |
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a person walking down the street talking to the clouds could be an example of a person with _________ |
schizotypal personality disorder |
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dr. mccullough described this type of person as a great worker (someone who does their best work when by themselves) but they are the type of person who can never form any type of emotional attachment |
schizoid personality disorder |
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what are the 3 personality disorders in Cluster A? |
- paranoid personality disorder - schizoid personality disorder - schizotypal personality disorder |
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personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others |
antisocial personality disorder |
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Cleckley's list for antisocial personality disorder |
- superficial emotions - grandiose self-worth - need for stimulation (boredom anathema) - pathological lying - manipulative - lack of remorse/guilt over hurting others |
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DSM-5 criteria for antisocial personality disorder (emphasis on behavior) |
- disregard for rights of others - repeatedly breaking law - lying and using others for one's own aims - impulsivity - disregard for safety of self/others - aggressiveness - irresponsibility - lack of remorse when hurting others - evidence of Conduct Disorder before age 15 |
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antisocial personality disorder is in what cluster? |
b |
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personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and control over impulses (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) |
borderline personality disorder |
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what cluster is borderline personality disorder? |
cluster b |
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DSM-5 criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder |
- history of instability in interpersonal relationships - fear of abandonment - idealizing vs. devaluation in relations - unstable self-image - impulsivity - suicidal behavior - mood instability (irritability - intense anger) - chronic feelings of emptiness - dissociative |
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what is therapy program is used to treat Borderline Personality Disorder? |
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) |
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Who created DBT and what is it? |
Marsha Linehan: helps people cope with stress leading to suicidal behavior and identifies stressor triggers - teaches people with BPD specific interpersonal skills and mindfulness skills to target intense emotions |
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personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking |
histrionic personality disorder |
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what cluster is histrionic personality disorder |
cluster b |
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DSM-5 criteria for Histrionic Personality Disorder |
"Dramatic/it's all about me" - overly dramatic - emotionally exaggerated - vain and sexually seductive - emotionally immature - attention seeking - easily influenced by external circumstances (naive) - views relationship as being more intimate than they are - cutting/self-harm - chronic feelings of emptiness |
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what percentage of the general population has histrionic personality disorder? |
1% |
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what percentage of people have borderline personality disorder? |
29% in clinical population 1-2% in general population |
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what percentage of people have antisocial personality disorder? |
1-2% of general population |
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what percentage of people have schizotypal personality disorder? |
1% of general population |
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what percentage of people have schizoid personality disorder? |
1% of general population |
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what percentage of people have paranoid personality disorder |
2% of general population |
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personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of grandiosity in fantasy or behavior, need for admiration, and lack of empathy |
narcissistic personality disorder |
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what cluster is narcissistic personality disorder? |
cluster b |
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what percentage of the population has narcissistic personality disorder? |
1% of general population |
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what are the 4 personality disorders in cluster b? |
- antisocial personality disorder - borderline personality disorder - histrionic personality disorder - narcissistic personality disorder |
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personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism |
avoidant personality disorder |
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a person who has interpersonal avoidance and intense fear of rejection BUT wants interpersonal relationships... they are just afraid of it has ______. |
avoidant personality disorder |
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DSM-5 criteria for avoidant personality disorder |
- pervasive pattern of social inhibition - feelings of inadequacy - hypersensitivity to negative evalutaion - extremely sensitive to opinions of others |
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what percentage of the population has avoidant personality disorder? |
- 21% in clinical population - 1-3% in general population |
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etiology for _______ - early psychological "insults" - parents rejecting/not very affectionate - patient emotionally isolated as child - early conflicts with adults - definite developmental problems |
avoidant personality disorder |
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combatting anxiety and social skill training (assertive skill training) might help treat _____ |
avoidant personality disorder |
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personality disorder characterized by a person's pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, a condition that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation |
dependent personality disorder |
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etiology for ______ - early disruptions in parenting leading to learned submission, compliance, timidity, interpersonal passivity - invites interpersonal abuse & neglect |
dependent personality disorder |
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teaching patients how to take care of themselves and move toward independence frequently without guilt might help treat ______ |
dependent personality disorder |
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personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency |
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder |
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what percentage of the population is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? |
- 6% in clinical population - 2% in general population |
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etiology for _______ (2 disorders) - genetic - psychological - cultural |
- paranoid personality disorder - schizoid personality disorder |
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DSM-5 criteria for paranoid personality disorder |
- severe distrust - suspicion of others - motives are interpreted as malevolent |
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task-focused treatment based on problem solving might help treat ______ |
schizoid personality disorder |
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etiology for _____ - low IQ - strong genetic component - isolated socially from peers/others who might otherwise mitigate antisocial behavior |
antisocial personality disorder |
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etiology for ______ - biological vulnerability - psychological vulnerability --> vulnerability as world viewed as "threatening" --> early trauma sensitizing persons to threats |
borderline personality disorder |
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characteristics of cluster a |
odd or excentric |
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characteristics of cluster b |
dramatic, emotional, or erratic |
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characteristics of cluster c |
anxious or fearful |
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avoidant personality disorder is in what cluster? |
cluster c |
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dependent personality disorder is in what cluster? |
cluster c |
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obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is in what cluster? |
cluster c |
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what personality disorders are in cluster c? |
- avoidant personality disorder - dependent personality disorder - obsessive-compulsive personality disorder |
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devastating psychotic disorder that may involve characteristic disturbances in thinking (delusions), perception (hallucinations), speech, emotions, and behavior |
schizophrenia |
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annual costs of schizophrenia |
$65 billion (direct & indirect) |
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percentage of population affected by schizophrenia |
1% of U.S. population |
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onset rate for schizophrenia |
women: lower onset rate for women prior to age 36 |
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onset rates change at age 36 to |
more women than men |
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why is the life expectancy for someone with schizophrenia slightly less than average? |
because they are accident prone and the suicide rate is high |
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do women have more favorable outcomes than men for remission of schizophrenia? |
yes |
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the diathesis for the disorder of schizophrenia (from multiple resources) is ____ |
stress |
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describe the bio-psycho-social model of schizophrenia |
biological: - "multiple" genes involved (shyness, introversion) - neurological issues involved psychological: environment/social: |
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who created the biological model for schizophrenia? |
kraeplin |
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who created the biopsyc model for schizophrenia? |
myer |
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who created the psyc model for schizophrenia? |
freud |
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what were emil kraepelin's two contributions to schizophrenia? |
1) combined several symptoms of insanity that had been considered to be separate disorders. "Catatonia" -- alternating immobility and excited agitation & "hebephrenia" -- silly immature emotionality -- & "paranoia" -- grandiose delusions and delusions of persecution in one disorder HE CALLED ALL OF THESE 'dementia praecox' 2) differentiated between dementia praecox & manic-depressive illness |
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what was eugen bleulers contribution to schizophrenia? |
1) introduced the term 'schizophrenia' - core problem was an 'associative splitting' of the personality (a cognitive-emotive issue and disagreed with Kraepelin): -difficulty maintaining continuity of thought was characteristics of all patients with schizophrenia |
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DSM-5 replaced the historical DSM-IV-TR subtypes of Schizophrenia known as paranoid, disorganized, and catatonic with a broader classification system known as _________ |
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
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are schizophrenic patients violent? |
usually not |
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3 types/classes of symptoms in schizophrenia |
- positive symptoms - negative symptoms - disorganized symptoms |
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hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts, and disorganized behavior are examples of ________ |
positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
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hallucinations are __________ |
self-talk from Broca's area |
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avolition, alogia, communication deficiency, anhedonia, flat affect are examples of ________ |
negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
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disorganized speech, inappropriate affect, disorganized behavior (catatonia) are examples of _______ |
disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia |
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DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis of Schizophrenia |
1 month duration of > 2 symptoms - delusions - hallucinations - disorganized speech [must have at least 1 of the above symptoms] - disorganized behavior/catatonic behavior - diminished emotional expression or avolition such as flat affect, alogia, or avolition |
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psychotic disorder involving the symptoms of schizophrenia but lasting less than 6 months |
schizophreniform disorder |
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psychotic disorder featuring symptoms of both schizophrenia and major mood disorder |
schizoaffective disorder |
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psychotic disorder featuring a persistent belief contrary to reality (delusion) but no other symptoms of schizophrenia |
delusional disorder |
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when schizophrenia symptoms occur after medication, substance induced or withdrawal from substances |
medical induced psychotic disorder |
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1. Premorbid 2. Prodromal 3. Onset Stage & Deterioration 4. Chronic/Residual Symptoms |
Development of Schizophrenia (course phases) |
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poor motor coordination; mild cognitive/social difficulties |
premorbid |
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1-2 years prior to onset of overt symptoms |
prodromal |
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positive and negative signs of schizophrenia happen during this stage |
onset stage & deterioration |
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a lifetime pattern of schizophrenia has developed in this stage |
chronic/residual |
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dopamine system is "too active" in patients with schizophrenia |
neurological influences: dopamine theory |
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- brain structures: size of ventricles vary compared to normals - early intrauterine environment - birth complications - obstetrical complications: delivery complications - fetal exposure to infections, complications |
neurological influences of schizophrenia |
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- role of stress - families & relapse |
psychological/social influences of schizophrenia |
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- insulin shock - psychosurgery - neuroleptic medication use (high response variability among Ss) - psychosocial treatments and combination treatment is optimal |
treatment for schizophrenia |
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- problems in motor development - cognitive difficulties in language |
childhood antecedents in schizophrenia |
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- social adversity in adolescence: common trigger - drug abuse later: common trigger |
precipitants in schizophrenia |
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- loss of normal functioning between frontal & temporal language systems ; auditory 'hallucinations' may stem from "inner speech" giving rise to misinterpretations by patient - predominantly in males: reversal of sides from left-to-right side regarding auditory processing area |
dysplastic (developmental abnormalities) neural networks in schizophrenia |
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- risk of hypoxic-ischemic damage: possibility of hippocampal damage (volume abnormality; volume on left side decreases) - obstetric hazards - premature birth (before 32 weeks) |
early adversity (Cerebral hazards) in schizophrenia |
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- increased ventricular size - loss of cerebral asymmetry - saccadic distractibility errors - integrative neurological signs - neurological deficits |
predisposing genes: 41% monozygotic twins; 5% dizygotic twins |
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two major assumptions that have informed and influenced the structures of JPM's lectures |
- his concept of the educated man and woman - his concept of the interpersonal model of looking at our lives and psychopathology in particular |
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- being able to generate empathy in relationships (being able to use language to understand and be understood) - being able to identify my "stimulus value" for others and their "stimulus value" for me and to behave appropriately - having the coping skills to set realistic/attainable goals for myself and for others - being able to enter into an attachment/intimate relationship with another (being able to love and be loved) - accepting my past with others and focusing my sights on the present moment (what comes next) - seeing that life is set with an interpersonal context - we are not islands unto ourselves --> viewing ourselves within a 'community' context |
goals of interpersonal person x environment growth "maturity" |
