Test 3

Front 1

In D.C. v. Heller, the Supreme Court

Back 1

Struck down a law prohibiting the sale of handguns.

Front 2

The personal guarantees and freedoms that the federal government cannot abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation are called

Back 2

Civil Liberties

Front 3

Why was the Bill of Rights a politically necessary addition to the Constitution?

Back 3

The institutional powers specified in the original Constitution were unclear.

Front 4

The Supreme Court ruled that states were not completely free to limit forms of political expression in

Back 4

Gitlow v. New York

Front 5

The right to a civil jury trial and the right not to be levied with excessive fines or bail

Back 5

have not been incorporated.

Front 6

In some governments, politicians may be required to prove their religious knowledge to be considered suitable for office. In the United States, however, this is expressly prohibited by

Back 6

the Freedom of Religion Act.

Front 7

Roger Williams

Back 7

Believed that there needed to be a wall of separation between church and state.

Front 8

The Supreme Court uses the ________ test in dealing with religious establishment cases.

Back 8

Lemon

Front 9

The Supreme Court ruled that a school voucher program allowing parents to send their children to the school of their choice was

Back 9

Constitutional because it was neutral towards religion.

Front 10

Over the years, the U.S. Supreme Court has adopted a/an ________ approach when dealing with issues involving freedom of speech and of the press.

Back 10

Hierarchal

Front 11

The Court formulated the clear and present danger test in

Back 11

Schenck v. U.S.

Front 12

The Supreme Court first ruled that the First Amendment protected symbolic speech in

Back 12

Stromberg v. Carolina

Front 13

The difference between libel and slander is that

Back 13

libel is written, slander is spoken.

Front 14

In Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, the Supreme Court ruled that ________ was/were not protected by the First Amendment.

Back 14

fighting words

Front 15

The Supreme Court has defined obscenity

Back 15

differently in different periods of times

Front 16

The Second Amendment was added to the Constitution to

Back 16

Make it impossible for Congress to disarm state militias.

Front 17

A woman sells scarves to passersby on a busy city street during the week of Independence Day. Three months later, the city council passes a law making street vending illegal. Could the woman be found guilty of violating the new law?

Back 17

No, as it is considered an ex post facto law

Front 18

Warrantless searches are

Back 18

Constitutional only under certain circumstances.

Front 19

In 2002, the Supreme Court ruled that it was constitutional for a border patrol officer to stop a suspicious minivan given

Back 19

the totality of the circumstances.

Front 20

The standard that illegally seized evidence cannot not be used at trial is known as the

Back 20

exclusionary rule.

Front 21

The Supreme Court ruled that lawyers in criminal cases are necessities, not luxuries, in

Back 21

Gideon v. Wainwright.

Front 22

Lawyers may reject potential jurors for any reason EXCEPT

Back 22

A juror's race or sex.

Front 23

The Eighth Amendment prohibits

Back 23

cruel and unusual punishment.

Front 24

In 1976, the Supreme Court ruled that a death penalty statute was constitutional because new laws had been passed to ensure that sentencing was not arbitrary. This was the case of

Back 24

Gregg v. Georgia.

Front 25

Griswold v. Connecticut involved the issue of

Back 25

married couples' access to birth control.

Front 26

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment that discriminates based on

Back 26

race, creed, color, and religion.

Front 27

In the George W. Bush administration, key priorities of the Civil Rights Division included

Back 27

immigration and deportation

Front 28

Abolitionists worked toward

Back 28

ending slavery.

Front 29

The Seneca Falls Convention was

Back 29

held to discuss the civil and political rights of women.

Front 30

The Emancipation Proclamation

Back 30

freed all slaves in the Confederacy.

Front 31

The first time Congress overrode a presidential veto occurred with the

Back 31

Civil Rights Act of 1866.

Front 32

Abolitionists' support of the Fifteenth Amendment led

Back 32

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to form a women's rights group.

Front 33

Race neutral laws enacted by southern states that resulted in segregation by race included
I. Black Codes.
II. poll taxes.
III. Jim Crow laws.
IV. grandfather clauses.

Back 33

2 & 4

Front 34

In ________, the Supreme Court found that segregation of rail transportation was constitutional because separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Back 34

Plessy v. Ferguson

Front 35

In 1905, W.E.B. DuBois met with other African Americans in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, to

Back 35

advance the cause of African Americans through the Niagara Movement.

Front 36

Leading the effort to secure the right to vote for women, the ________ engaged in a variety of tactics such as protesting in front of the White House.

Back 36

National Woman's Party

Front 37

Why did the NAACP MOST likely begin its test case litigation strategy in law schools?

Back 37

The lawyers felt that targeting law schools would make the cases easier for judges to understand and thus easier to win.

Front 38

As president, ________ had his administration file an amicus curiae brief in Brown v. Board of Education and issue an executive order desegregating the military.

Back 38

Harry S. Truman

Front 39

President Dwight D. Eisenhower was forced to ________ to protect African American students seeking entry into Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Back 39

Send federal troops to Little Rock

Front 40

Emmitt Till was

Back 40

a fourteen-year-old victim of lynching.

Front 41

________ led one of the longest filibusters in U.S. history in an effort to block passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Back 41

Strom Thurmond

Front 42

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was created by

Back 42

The Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Front 43

If an employer engages in a practice whereby it gives bonuses to employees who live by themselves, it is practicing _______ discrimination against married employees.

Back 43

de facto

Front 44

As late as 1970, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to
I. apply the equal protection clause to discrimination against women.
II. allow women to be firefighters.
III. allow women to sit on juries.
IV. support the creation of the President's Commission on the Status of Women.

Back 44

1 only

Front 45

Initially, most of the efforts of the National Organization for Women were directed at

Back 45

gaining equality of women.

Front 46

As early as 1937, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that

Back 46

fundamental rights should be subject to a higher standard of review.

Front 47

________ was the driving force behind the Supreme Court's holding that gender-based discrimination violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Back 47

Ruth Bader Ginsburg

Front 48

Title VII litigation has resulted in
I. consideration of sexual harassment as sex discrimination.
II. a ban on sex discrimination in some areas of employment, such as partnership at law firms.
III. allowing affirmative action programs to address historical discrimination against women.
IV. considering same-sex discrimination as sex discrimination.

Back 48

1, 2, 3, & 4

Front 49

In promoting assimilation over separation, the U.S. government

Back 49

moved Indian children into boarding schools to lessen their connections to tribal customs.

Front 50

Reasons why some Americans oppose affirmative action include
I. it is wrong to use labels to help particular groups.
II. laws should be neutral or colorblind.
III. compensatory governmental actions to help previously discriminated groups are constitutional.
IV. quota systems are necessary to remedy past discrimination.

Back 50

1 & 2