Test 2 Sociology

Front 1

Socialization

Back 1

Process through which children develope an awareness of social norms and values and acheive a distinct sense of self.

Front 2

Social Self

Back 2

Basis of self-conciousness in individuals, becoming aware of this social identity.

Front 3

Self-Consciousness

Back 3

Awarness of ones distinct social identity, as a person seperate from others. Humans are not born with this, language is important in a child learning this.

Front 4

Generalized Other

Back 4

General values and moral rules of the culture in which they are developing.

Front 5

Agencies of socialization

Back 5

groups in which significant processes of socialization occur, ex: family, peer groups, work place

Front 6

Social Roles

Back 6

Socially defined expectations that a person in a given social position follows

Front 7

Social Identity

Back 7

Characteristics that other people attribute to an individual ex: student, mother, lawyer, homeless, things that make us the "same" as others

Front 8

Self Identity

Back 8

we formulate a unique sense of ourselves and our relationship to the world around us. Things that make us "different"

Front 9

Civil Inattention

Back 9

not ignoring one anathor, recognition of presence, avoid being intrusive

Front 10

Ethnomethidology

Back 10

Methods people use to make sense of what others do and say

Front 11

Master status

Back 11

determine overall position in society (most likely gender, or race)

Front 12

Deviance

Back 12

noncomformity to a given set of norms

Front 13

Sanction

Back 13

reaction from others to the behavior of an individual or group that is meant to ensure that they comply with a given norm

Front 14

Formal Sanction

Back 14

applied by specific body of people or agency

Front 15

Informal Sanction

Back 15

less organized, more spontaneous

Front 16

Family

Back 16

An Example of an agency of socialization, the most important when young and very influential throughout life

Front 17

George Herbert Mead

Back 17

Children learn through example of adults (immitate actions), "taking on the role of another", acquire a sense of self.

Front 18

Jean Paget's cognitive developement

Back 18

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages (on seperate flashcards) children select and interpret what they see, each stage needs to be done to go on to the next stage.

Front 19

Sensorimotor Stage (Jean Piaget)

Back 19

0-2, infants learn by touching things, learn about environment

Front 20

Preoperational Stage (Jean Piaget)

Back 20

2-7, Piaget's main focus, mastery of language, Egocentric(not selfish, just can't see any persepctive but own).

Front 21

Concrete Operational Stage (Jean Piaget)

Back 21

7-11, Master abstract, logical notions, math skills, less egocentric

Front 22

Formal Operational Stage (Jean Piaget)

Back 22

11-15, Highly abstract and hypothetical ideas, trick quesitons. Not all adults reach this stage.

Front 23

Schools

Back 23

an example of an agency of socialization.

Front 24

I/me

Back 24

according to Mead, we learn to distinguish the "me" from the "I",
"I" is unsocialized infant(bundle of wants and needs), "me" is the social self.

Front 25

Gender Learning

Back 25

gender learning by infants is unconscious, male and female infants are treated differently, pg. 102 in book.

Front 26

Non-verbal Communication

Back 26

the exchange of information and meaning through facial expressions, gestures, and movements of the body. not really "body language".

Front 27

Social Interaction

Back 27

The process by which we act and react to those around us.

Front 28

Harold Garfinkel

Back 28

did experiments with students, if someone asked, "have a nice day" the student would respong with something like, "nice in what sense exactly?" or "which part of the day do you mean?"

Front 29

Interactional Vandalism

Back 29

when a subordinate person breaks the tacit rules of everday interaction. study of black men on the street talking to white women.

Front 30

Unfocused interaction

Back 30

whenever individuals exhibit mutual awareness of one another's presence, large number of people, communicating nonverbally with gestures.

Front 31

Focused interaction

Back 31

when individuals directly attend to what others say or do, an "encounter",

Front 32

Front region/stage

Back 32

social occasions or encounters in which individuals act out formal roles "onstage performances"

Front 33

Back region/stage

Back 33

where people assemble props and prepare themselves for interaction in the more formal setting, "off camera"

Front 34

Regionalization

Back 34

how social life is organized in time and space, ex: how houses are divided into different regions in which different types of activity take place

Front 35

Impression management

Back 35

preparing for the presentation of one's social role.

Front 36

Social Constructionism

Back 36

Theory that social reality is a creation of the interaction of individuals and groups

Front 37

Anomie

Back 37

devience is response to imbalance in cultural goals($), institutional means of acheiving them

Front 38

Differential association

Back 38

Social groups discourage/encourage criminal behavior as acceptable

Front 39

Labeling

Back 39

certain individuals viewed as deviant, potential troublemakers, that person views them self.

Front 40

Durkheim's functionalist views of deviance

Back 40

neccesary for a society to function, defense of boundaries, punishment of deviant acts(public awareness)

Front 41

Cohen's "delinquent subculture"

Back 41

lower class, distinct from middle class, values are different-distinct-alternative, from lower and middle class values

Front 42

Innovation

Back 42

trying to achieve illegitimately

Front 43

White-collar crime

Back 43

Crime commited by more affluent members of society

Front 44

Objective

Back 44

Impartial, non-biased, ex: the dress is red

Front 45

Subjective

Back 45

biased, prejuduced, individual, more like opinion ex: the dress is pretty