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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Structure |
Anatomy |
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Physiology |
Function |
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matabolism |
biochemical reactions in the body |
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anabolosim |
synthetic reactions (photosynthesis) |
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catabolism |
decomposition reactions (respiration) |
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negative feedback |
means OPPOSITE, blood sugar, body temp, blood pressure |
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positive feedback |
contractions during birth, sneezing, blood clotting |
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control center |
sets range of values of controlled conditions |
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receptor |
monitors changes in controlled conditions & sends info to control center |
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effector |
receives info from the receptor & responds |
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stimulus |
causes change in controlled conditions |
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response |
effect of change thanks to effector |
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cytoplasm |
inside plasma membrane, outside nucleus, includes organelles & cytosol |
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extracellular |
fluid outside of cells |
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interstitial fluid |
fluid between cells |
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intracellular |
fluid inside cells, cytosol |
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passive processes |
no atp, might require protein carrier, diffusion & osmosis. |
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high to low |
passive processes |
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low to high |
active processes |
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active processes |
requires atp, active transport & vesicular transport(endo- & exo- cytosis) |
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endocytosis |
importing materials INTO the cell |
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exocytosis |
export of materials OUT of a cell |
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ribosomes |
protein synthesis, made in nucleolus, RNA |
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rough ER |
a series of flattened sacs connected to nuclear envelope, protein modification |
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smooth ER |
network of membrane tables, no ribosomes, lipid synthesis |
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golgi body |
post office, package protein, processes, and exports |
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mitochondria |
mighty, ATP, |
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nucleic acid |
contains DNA & RNA, and nucleotides |
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-ose |
sugar |
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-ase |
enzyme |
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DNA genetics |
A-Adenine C-Cytosine G-Guanine T-Thymine |
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RNA genetics |
A-Adenine C-Cytosine G-Guanine U-Uracil |
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Transcription |
production of RNA, uses DNA as template, in nucleus |
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Translation |
production of protein, occurs on the ribosome, uses mRNA as a code, tRNA brings amino acids
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DNA gives mRNA ________ |
a message |
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chromatin |
invisible form of chromosomes *unwound thread* |
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chromosome |
condensed version of chromatin *spool of thread* |
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Interphase |
Invisible, cell is between divisions (normal state of cell) G1, S(Synthesis), G2 |
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Prophase |
Paired Chromatids, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nucleus breaks down, mitotic spindle forms |
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Metaphase |
Middle, Replicated Chromosomes line up single file at equator |
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Anaphase |
Apart, Chromatids pulled apart and moved to opposite sides, cleavage starts |
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Telophase |
Nucleus forms around two clusters of chromosomes, revert to chromatin |
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Cytokinesis |
Cell Cytoplasm, seperation, now each with new nucleus, |
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ionic bonding |
exchange/transfer of e- |
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covalent bond |
sharing of valence e-
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hydrogen bond |
attraction of e-, partial charges |
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peptide bond |
between amino acids |
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superior |
above |
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inferior |
below |
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anterior |
front |
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posterior |
back |
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epithelial |
covers body surface, lines body cavities, hollow organs and ducts, forms glands |
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connective |
protects & supports, binds organs together, stores energy, provides immunity |
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muscular |
movement |
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nervous |
detects changes inside and outside, coordinates body activities |
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simple |
one layer |
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stratified |
two or more layers |
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pseudostratified |
one layer that looks like two |
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squamous |
thin, flat cells |
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cuboidal |
square cells |
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columnar |
taller than wide, |
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transitional |
changes shape as tissue moves or stretches |
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connective tissue |
binds, attaches, supports, protects, insulates, transports |
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extracellular matrix |
non-cellular, between and around cells. protein fibers & ground substance |
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ground substance of extracellular matrix |
fluid- blood semifluid- areolar, adipose gelatinous- cartilage calcified- bone |
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protein fibers of extracellular matrix |
collaten- strong elastic- stretch reticular- support & strength |
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areolar |
attach skin & tissue |
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adipose |
around organs & joints, reduces heat loss, padding, energy source |
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reticular |
organ framework, filter out old blood cells |
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regular dense CT |
tendons, bone marrow, ligament |
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irregular dense CT |
dermis, provides strength
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cartilage |
hyaline- clear, skeleton, ribs, nose, trachea fibro- vertebral discs, menisci elastic- ext. ear |
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pleura |
membrane around lungs |
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pericardium |
membrane around heart |
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peritoneum |
membrane around abdominal organs |
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keratinization |
cells move outward, fill with keratin and die |
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layers of epidermal strata |
creative-corneum leg-warmers-lucidum gulp-granulosom special-spinosum boots-basale |
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erythema |
reddish skin due to increased blood flow-blushing, anger, inflammation
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cyanosis |
bluish color decreased blood oxygen content |
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vitiligo |
depigmentation patches |
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arrector pili muscle |
goosebumps |
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sebaceous oil glands |
connected to hair follicles |
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ceruminous wax glands |
auditory canal |
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sudoriferous sweat glands |
eccrine-temp regulation apocrine-connect with hair |
