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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Only present in the cell walls of prokaryotes
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Peptidoglycan
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Is nucleoid membrane bound?
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No
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What type of DNA do prokaryotes have?
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Haploid, circular, single dsDNA chromosome
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What size are prokaryotic ribosomes and their subunits?
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Total of 70s. Subunits are 50s and 30s.
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What size are eukaryotic ribosomes and their subunits?
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Total of 80s. Subunits are 60s and 40s.
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What do inclusion bodies store?
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Ions and Metabolites
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What is missing from lipid bilayer of prokaryotes?
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Sterols
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Which type of bacteria, Gm+ or Gm-, has a thick layer of peptidoglycan on the cell wall?
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Gm+
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What are 2 main components of Peptidoglycan?
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NAG and NAM
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Where in eukaryotes are NAG and NAM found?
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Nowhere!
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What is the function of transpeptidase?
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Assembling NAG and NAM subunits of peptidoglycan
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What is the function of lysozyme?
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Hydrolizing beta 1-4 bond between NAG and NAM
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Where is lysozyme found?
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Salivary glands and tears
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Is lysozyme antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, or an antibiotic?
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Antibacterial, only against Gm+
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Which molecule is in the cell wall of Gm- bacteria, but not Gm+?
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LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) and endotoxin.
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What is the function of penicillin?
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Inhibiting transpeptidase
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What is the name of the bacteria's defense against penicillin and where is it found in the cell?
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Beta-lactamase. Found in periplasmic space. It works by breaking the beta-lactam ring in penicillin.
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What is the structure of LPS and what symptoms does it produce?
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O-antigen (antigenic), core, lipid A (endotoxin). It causes fever and shock.
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Is techoic acid found in Gm+, Gm-, or both?
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Gm+. Both types of cells also have murein.
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Name 1 acid fast bacteria
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Is the presence of a capsule on a bacteria related to its virulence?
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Yes
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What is the function of the capsule and what is the best way to visualize it?
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To resist phagocytosis. India ink.
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Type of flagella with 1 filament from tail end
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Monotrichous
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Type of flagella with multiple filaments from tail end only
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Lophotrichous
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Type of flagella with single filaments coming from each end
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Amphitrichous
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Type of flagella with a crapload of random filaments
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Peritrichous
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What does the "H" in E. coli O157:H7 represent?
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The H antigen- it's flagellar
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Type of bacteria shaped like a ball
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Coccus
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Type of bacteria shaped like an elongated ball
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Coccobacillus
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Type of bacteria shaped like a rod
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Bacillus
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Type of bacteria shaped like a boomerang
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Vibrio
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Type of bacteria shaped like a shaped like a zigzag
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Spirillum
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Type of bacteria shaped like a spiral?
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Spirochete
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Prefix meaning "clustered"
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Staph-
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Prefix meaning "chain"
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Strept-
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Prefix meaning paired
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Diplo-
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What are siderophores?
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Iron sequestering proteins
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What is the function of lactoferrin?
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Killing bacteria by binding to LPS and using oxidized iron subunit to oxidize the bacteria via the formation of peroxides. This affects permeability and lyses the bacteria.
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What are Obligate Aerobes?
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Bacteria that are limited by available O2
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What are Facultative Anaerobes?
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Bacteria that can survive with or without O2
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What type of bacteria live at body temperatures and are therefore most medically important?
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Mesophiles
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What conditions do Halophiles thrive in?
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High osmolarity
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Why is O2 required in aerobic organisms?
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It is the final e- acceptor of the ETC.
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Is O2 required for fermentation?
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Nope
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Why is the Entner-Duderoff pathway not used in many bacteria?
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It sucks. It only produces 1 ATP.
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What 2 processes make up aerobic respiration?
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Glycolysis + Krebs/oxidative phosphorylation
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What is the final e- acceptor in the ETC during fermentation?
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Another organic molecule
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What is superoxide dismutase?
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An enzyme that converts O2 to peroxide
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True or false: All bacteria double in the same amount of time
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False, it varies by species
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What are the 4 bacterial growth phases and what do they mean?
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Lag (not much growth, adaptation), Log (very rapid growth), Stationary (balance, nutrients and toxins), Decline
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Which types of bacteria will form multiple spores?
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None! Ever! They only form 1
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Name 2 Gm+ genera that form spores
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Clostridium and Bacillus
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What is dipicolonic acid involved in?
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Formation of spores
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Which types of media are selective for Gm-, Streptococcus, and Gm+ bacteria, respectively?
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EMB, Blood agar, and MSA
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