Test 1

Front 1

Functionalist

Back 1

biological view of society where multiple functioning parts work together for the benefit of the society as a whole

Front 2

Conflict

Back 2

society is not in harmony but in constant competition over valued or limited resources

Front 3

Interactionist

Back 3

where a society is examined at a micro level and everyday forms of social interaction are generalized

Front 4

variable

Back 4

a measurable characteristic that is subject to change under different condition

Front 5

independent variables

Back 5

the one that is changed by the scientist

(cause)

Front 6

dependent variables

Back 6

what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment

(effect)

Front 7

quantitative observation

Back 7

"how many"

Front 8

qualitative observation

Back 8

observations relating to actions

Front 9

Culture

Back 9

everything humans create in establishing our relationships to nature and with each other

Front 10

components of culture

Back 10

beliefs, values, norms, languages

Front 11

real culture

Back 11

practices, values, and beliefs that reflect how things in society are actually done and precticed

Front 12

ideal culture

Back 12

practices, values, and beliefs that are desired most and consistently taught to members of a society

Front 13

Material culture

Back 13

all objects we can see and touch that have been created by the hands of man

IE artifacts of a group of people

Front 14

non material culture

Back 14

invisible or intangible aspects of a group's culture, including it's values, beliefs, norms, or rules and languages

Front 15

Beliefs

Back 15

simple ideas of what is held to be true by members of a society

concrete (science) and abstract (faith)

Front 16

Values

Back 16

collective conceptions of what is considered “good” and desirable in a society

moral backing and contextual

Front 17

common american values?

Back 17

propper manners, progress, law abiding, family, education, patriotism, pursuit of happiness, materialism, success

Front 18

norms

Back 18

social rules; established standard of behavior maintained by society

folkways, mores, taboos, laws

Front 19

folkways

Back 19

norms guiding everyday behavior based on custom

Front 20

morés

Back 20

norms deemed very important to a society

Front 21

laws

Back 21

formalized norms written in a code, enforced by authority

Front 22

taboo

Back 22

super powerful norms that cross time and culture

Front 23

language

Back 23

a system of shared symbols for communication, including verbal, non-verbal, and written forms

Front 24

subculture

Back 24

a segment of society with distinct norms, values, and language

IE surfers, skaters, hipsters?, think steriotypes

Front 25

counter culture

Back 25

a subculture that deliberately opposes aspects of the larger culture

IE. hippies

Front 26

ethnocentrism

Back 26

the tendency to view one’s own culture as “normal” or superior to others

Front 27

socialization

Back 27

the process where a person learns the culture of their own society

Front 28

nature vs nurture?

Back 28

argument consists of biological and cultural determinism, each one speaking in favor of nature (bio) being the source that determines an individuals development and nurture (culture) being the source. neither is incorrect, for its really nature AND nurture that molds and shapes an individual

Front 29

looking self glass process

Back 29

1.we project a behavior to society

2.society interprets the behavior

3.society sends back a reaction

4.we interpret the reaction

5.our self-concept is affected by the reaction

6.back to number 1 with new behavior based on the interpretations

Front 30

family contribution to socialization?

Back 30

fam helps set standards or rules for society the child will grow up in.

learns about marriage, parenthood, gender, gender roles, and race

Front 31

peer contribution to socialization?

Back 31

set social status amongst peers and reinforces stereotypes. members in a group often relate to eachother

Front 32

schools contribution to socialization?

Back 32

teach a broader taken-for-granted type of society, social order, individual opportunity (new ways of thinking and expressing oneself

Front 33

mass media and tech

Back 33

images of conformity, success orientation, materialism, consumerism

Front 34

primary socialization

Back 34

learning the beliefs, values, norms, and language of a society (fam and close friends)

Front 35

secondary socialization

Back 35

learning how to be a member of a group in a more impersonal sense (larger peer group, religious group, and the workplace)

Front 36

anticipatory socialization

Back 36

process where a person “rehearses” for future positions, occupations, and relationships

Front 37

resocialization

Back 37

process of discarding former behaviors and accepting new ones, learning a new culture

Front 38

life course

Back 38

where sociologists closely observe all sorts of social factors that effect an individual and his/her life from birth to death

Front 39

status

Back 39

a person’s social position relative to others. “what you are” at the time. 2 types of status

Front 40

achieved status

Back 40

status granted due to what a person does. it is within our power to change;

Front 41

ascribed status

Back 41

social position granted by society without regard for any unique talents or characteristics

Front 42

role

Back 42

expected behavior based on status, role changes as status changes

Front 43

role conflict

Back 43

situation that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from 2 or more social statuses had by the same person

IE you take on many statuses and juggling them all together can be strenuous because they can conflict with each other

Front 44

role strain

Back 44

occurs when there is difficulty in a social status that imposes conflicting demands and expectations

IE within one status you take on, there is a strain on achieving standards

Front 45

primary groups

function?

Back 45

small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association/cooperation

function: to create trustworthy relationships with people.

Front 46

secondary group

function?

Back 46

formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding

function: to communicate with others in a goal driven environment, often superficial relationships

Front 47

reference group

Back 47

any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior

function: to set and enforce standards of conduct and belief for a specific group

Front 48

formal group

Back 48

a group where an individual feels the need to be socially polite or impersonal

Front 49

informal groups

Back 49

where an individual can freely be as he/she pleases because there are no social restraints; anything goes when with family or friends

Front 50

in groups

Back 50

category of people who share a common identity and sense of belonging

Front 51

out groups

Back 51

category of people who do not belong or do not fit in

Front 52

bureaucracy

Back 52

a component of a formal organization that uses rules and hierarchal ranking to achieve efficiency

Front 53

6 components of bureaucracy

Back 53

1.division of labor (each person has a specific job)

2.hierarchy of authority (power runs from the top to the bottom)

3.written rules and regulations (rules must be followed, procedures for each action)

4.impersonality (the eprson does not matter, the position matters and can be filled by any qualified person)

5.employment based on technical qualifications (the specialization of role requires exact qualification)

6.Career ladders for advancement (the group is a meritocracy; advancement comes from time and training)