Terms Chapter 1: Cultural Anthropology 8Th Edition

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anthropology

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comparative study of human societies and cultures

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holistic

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considers culture, history, language, and biology essential to a complete understanding of human society

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cultural anthropology

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study of human behavior that's learned rather than genetically transmitted, and that is typical of groups of people

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society

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set of social relationships among people within a given geographical area, including their status and roles

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culture

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learned behaviors and symbols that allow people to live in groups. Primary means by which humans adapt to their environments. The way of life characteristic of a particular human society

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historical ethnography

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description of the cultural past based on written records, interviews, and archeology.

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anthropological linguistics

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branch of linguistics concerned with understanding language and its relation to culture

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archaeology

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subdisciplines of anthropology that focuses on the reconstruction of past cultures based on their material remains

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prehistoric

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before written records

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artifact

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any object made or modified by human beings. Generally used to refer to objects made by past cultures.

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urban archaeology

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archaeological investigation of current-day cities

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cultural resource management

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protection and management of archaeological, archival, and architectural resources

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biological or physical anthropology

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subdiscipline of anthropology that specializes in the study of humankind from a biological perspective. It includes osteology, nutrition, demography, epidemiology, and primatology.

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paleoanthropology

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subdiscipline of anthropology concerned with tracing the evolution of humankind in the fossil record.

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human variation

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subdiscipline of anthropology concerned with mapping and explaining physical differences among modern human groups

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primate

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member of a biological order of mammals that includes human beings, apes, and monkeys

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applied anthropology

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application of anthropology to the solution of human problems

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forensic anthropology

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application of biological anthropology to the identification of skeletalized or badly decomposed human remains