Terms And Theories Ch. 3

Front 1

Culture

Back 1

-Learned and shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values and material objects that characterize a particular group of or society. Interchangeable with society

Culture is learned
Culture is transmitted from one generation to the next
Culture is shared
Culture is adaptive and always changing

Front 2

Society

Back 2

Group of people who have lived and worked together long enough to become an organized population and to think of themselves s a social unit. Interchangeable with culture

Front 3

Material Culture

Back 3

Consists of tangible objects that members of society make, use and share

Front 4

Nonmaterial culture

Back 4

The shared set of meanings that people in society use to interpret and understand the world

Front 5

Symbols

Back 5

Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture. (thumbs up means "up yours" in Greece)

Front 6

Language

Back 6

-System of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another.
-Varies from culture to culture
-Impacts how we think about and act toward each other (use of black and white)
-70,000 languages globally

Front 7

Value

Back 7

-Culturally defined standards (what is desirable, good and beautiful)
-Change over time and from culture to culture

Front 8

Beliefs

Back 8

Specific thoughts or ideas that people hold to be true

Front 9

Norms

Back 9

Rules and expectations by which society guides the behavior of it's members (saying bless you after a sneeze)

Front 10

More

Back 10

-Norms that are widely observed and have a great moral significance (right and wrong)

Front 11

Folkway

Back 11

-Norm that draws the line between right and rude (wearing tuxedo t-shirt to a black tie event)

Front 12

Sanctions

Back 12

Attempts by society to regulate peoples thoughts and behaviors

Front 13

Subculture

Back 13

-Group of people whose ways of thinking, feeling and acting differ somewhat from those of the larger society (based on ethnicity, religion, politics, ect)

Front 14

Counterculture

Back 14

-Strongly appose those widely accepted values within society
-Can be negative or positive (Ku Klux Klan or Amish)

Front 15

3 causes of culture change

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-Invention - creating new cultural elements (telephone or airplane)
-Discovery - Recognizing and better understanding something already existing (x-rays or DNA)
Diffusion - Spread of culture traits (jazz music or english language); product worked on in multi cultures

Front 16

Cultural Relativism

Back 16

The practice of judging a culture by its own standards
-requires you to be completely open to a new culture and put aside your own standards and values

Front 17

Ethnocentrism

Back 17

-Judging another culture by the standards of your own
-Ofen generates misunderstanding and conflict

Front 18

Cultural Imperialism

Back 18

-Involves the culture values and products of one society influencing or dominating another society

Front 19

Cultural Relativism

Back 19

-Helps us look at other's views apart from our own

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Pop Culture

Back 20

- Beliefs, activities, and products that are widely shared among a population in everyday life (television, music, magazines, radio, ads, sports, fashion, movies and food.

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Theorists and Culture

Back 21

-Functionalists - focus on culture as a cement that binds society
-Conflict theorists - Argue that culture can generate enormous inequality
-Feminists - Focus on gender differences
-Interactionist - Study how people interact and transmit culture