Sociology Terms And Theory Ch.7

Front 1

deviance

Back 1

Behavior that violates norms and arouses negative social reactions.

Front 2

crime

Back 2

Behavior that violates criminal laws.

Front 3

social control

Back 3

The ways in which society prevents and sanctions behavior that violates social norms.

Front 4

social ecology approach

Back 4

The view that certain characteristics of neighborhoods and communities influence the likelihood of committing deviance and crime.

Front 5

social disorganization

Back 5

The weakening of social bonds and conventional social institutions in a community.

Front 6

strain theory

Back 6

Robert Merton’s view that deviance is caused by a failure to achieve the American goal of financial success through the conventional means of working.

Front 7

differential opportunity theory

Back 7

Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin’s view that differential access to illegitimate means helps determine the types of deviance in which poor people engage.

Front 8

status frustration theory

Back 8

Albert Cohen’s view that delinquency results from school failure and the concomitant need to regain self-esteem by being successful in delinquent activities.

Front 9

focal concerns

Back 9

Walter Miller’s term for the key values of lower-class subcultures.

Front 10

subculture of violence

Back 10

Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti’s term for the value system of poor, urban neighborhoods that calls for violent responses to insults and other interpersonal problems.

Front 11

social control theory

Back 11

Travis Hirschi’s view that deviance results from weak bonds to conventional social institutions, such as the family and schools.

Front 12

differential association theory

Back 12

Edwin Sutherland’s view that deviance stems from interacting with primary group members who commit deviance and have values conducive to deviance.

Front 13

labeling theory

Back 13

The view that extralegal factors affect whether someone acquires a deviant label and that being labeled deviant increases the chances of future deviance.

Front 14

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

Back 14

The FBI’s regular compilation of crime statistics, most of them on Index Crimes.

Front 15

Part I Offenses

Back 15

The FBI’s term for the major crimes included in the Uniform Crime Reports, including homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson.

Front 16

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Back 16

An annual survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Justice that asks a representative sample of the American public about crimes they have suffered.

Front 17

self-report survey

Back 17

A survey given to individuals, usually adolescents, that asks them about offenses they have committed.

Front 18

conventional crime

Back 18

Violent and property offenses, including homicide, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft.

Front 19

white-collar crime

Back 19

Crime committed in the course of one’s occupation.

Front 20

victimless crime

Back 20

Illegal behavior in which people participate voluntarily, including drug use, prostitution, and gambling.