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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common Indications for Brain |
- multiple sclerosis - primary tumour assessment - toxoplasmosis - hemorrhage - infection - headaches - unexplained neurological symptoms - stoke - hearing loss - trauma |
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Equipment for Brain |
- head coil - immobilization pads - cushion under legs - ear plugs and headphones - high performance gradients for EPI, diffusion and perfusion imaging |
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Patient Positioning |
- head first supine - horizontal light passes though nasion |
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Routine Brain Protocol |
- sagittal T1 - axial T2 - coronal T2 or T1 |
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Slice Thickness in Brain |
Medium |
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Coverage for Sagittal Brain |
- temporal lobe to temporal lobe - foramen magnum to top of head |
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Coverage for Axial Brain |
- foramen magnum to superior surface of brain - angled parallel to AC/PC |
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Coverage for Coronal Brain |
- cerebellum to frontal lobe - angled parallel to brainstem |
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Extra Brain Protocols |
- axial SE T1 - FSE T2 - axial 3D GRE T1 - axial GRE EPI T1/T2 - axial DWI - axial perfusion |
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Pre and post contrast. |
Axial SE T1 |
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Uncooperative patients. |
FSE T2 |
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Reformatting. |
Axial 3D GRE T1 |
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Hemorrhage. |
Axial GRE EPI T1/T2 |
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Early stroke. |
Axial DWI |
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Temporal resolution of enhancing lesions and indicated activity. |
Axial perfusion |
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Temporal Lobe Slice Thickness |
Thin |
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Axial Temporal Coverage |
- inferior temporal lobe to superior border of corpus callosum - angled parallel to temporal lobes |
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Coronal Temporal Coverage |
- perpendicular to axials - perpendicular to temporal lobes |
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IAC (Posterior Fossa) Slice Thickness |
Thin |
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Axial IAC Coverage |
- foramen magnum to superior border of petrous ridges |
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Coronal IAC Coverage |
- anterior to pons to cerebellar tonsils - angled with brainstem |
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Pituitary Slice Thickness |
Thin |
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Axial Pituitary Coverage |
- floor of pituitary fossa to inferior aspect of corpus callosum |
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Coronal Pituitary Coverage |
- posterior clinoids to anterior clinoids - angled with infundibulum |
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Orbits Slice Thickness |
Medium to Thin |
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Axial Orbit Coverage |
- inferior to superior border of orbits - angled parallel to optic nerve |
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Coronal Orbit Coverage |
- posterior globe to posterior of optic chiasm - angled perpendicular to optic nerve |
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Sinus Slice Thickness |
Medium |
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Axial Sinus Coverage |
- inferior margin of maxillary sinuses to superior border of frontal sinuses |
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Coronal Sinus Coverage |
- anterior portion of frontal sinuses to posterior of sphenoid sinuses |
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TMJ Slice Thickness |
Thin |
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Sagittal TMJ Coverage |
- angled perpendicular to mandibular condyles on each side |
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Coronal TMJ Coverage |
- angled perpendicular to sagittal slices |
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Axial 3D TOF-MRA Coverage |
Circle of Willis (COW) |
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Common Indications - Pharynx and Larynx |
- staging of oropharyngeal carcinoma - sleep apnea - assessment prior to reconstruction - pharyngeal and parapharyngeal masses - swallowing disordesr - vocal cords |
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Equipment - Pharynx and Larynx |
- anterior neck coil/volume neck coil - head coil for pharyngeal area and base of skull - immobilization pads and straps - ear plugs and headphones |
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Patient Positioning - Pharynx and Larynx |
- head first supine - pharynx (angle of mandible) - larynx (thyroid cartilage) - salivary glands (EAM) |
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Pharynx Protocol |
- Coronal T1 - Axial T2 or T1 - Sagittal T2 or T1 |
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Pharynx Slice Thickness |
Thin |
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Coronal Pharynx Coverage |
- posterior border of cervical cord to anterior surface of neck - skull base to SC joints |
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Axial Pharynx Coverage |
- thyroid cartilage to base of skull |
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Sagittal Pharynx Coverage |
- left to right lateral walls of pharynx - skull base to thyroid cartilage |
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Larynx Protocol |
- sagittal T1/T2 - axial T1 - coronal T1 - axial/coronal PD/T2 |
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Sagittal Larynx Coverage |
- left to right lateral skin surfaces of neck - superior border of hard palate to SC joints |
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Axial Larynx Coverage |
- laryngeal cartilages and vocal cords - angled parallel to larynx |
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Coronal Larynx Coverage |
- posterior surface of trachea to anterior surface of neck |
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Common Indications - Cervical Spine |
- myelopathy - radiculopathy - cord compression or trauma - syrinx - arnold chiari malformation - MS plaques |
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Equipment - Cervical Spine |
- spine phased array coil/volume neck coil - immobilization pads and straps - ear plugs and headphones - foam pad or pillow under knees - PE gating may be used |
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Patient Positioning - Cervical Spine |
- head first supine - multichannel coil should extend from base of skull to SC joints - horizontal light passes through hyoid |
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Cervical Spine Protocol |
- Sagittal T1 and T2 - Axial T1 or T2 |
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Cervical Spine Slice Thickness |
Thin |
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Sagittal C-Spine Coverage |
- right to left lateral borders of vertebral bodies - base of skull to T2 |
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Axial C-Spine Coverage |
- angled parallel to disc space - 3 or 4 slices per level |
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Additional C-Spine Sequence |
3D GRE |
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3D GRE |
- high signal from CSF - radiculopathy (not myelopathy) |
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Common Indications - Thoracic Spine |
- disc disease - disc herniation - cord compression - MS plaques, syrinx or tumour - trauma - least common area |
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Equipment - Thoracic Spine |
- spine phased array coil/volume neck coil - immobilization pads and straps - earplugs and headphones - foam pad or pillow under knees |
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Patient Positioning - Thoracic Spine |
- head first supine - multichannel spine coil from top of shoulder to lower costal margin - coverage of full T-spine to conus - head on pillow or in head coil - horizontal light passes through T4 |
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Thoracic Spine Protocol |
- sagittal/coronal localizer - sagittal T1 and T2 - axial T1 and GRE T2 - coronal |
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Thoracic Spine Slice Thickness |
Thin |
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Sagittal T-Spine Coverage |
- left to right lateral borders of vertebral bodies - C7 to conus |
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Axial T-Spine Coverage |
- angled parallel to disc space - 3 or 4 slices per disc level |
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Coronal T-Spine |
Scoliosis |
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Common Indications - Lumbar Spine |
- disc prolapse (with cord or nerve compression) - evaluation of conus - trauma - discitis - failed back syndrome - drop mets from medulloblastoma |
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Equipment - Lumbar Spine |
- spine phased array coil - immobilization pads and straps - earplugs and headphones - foam pad or pillow under knees |
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Patient Positioning - Lumbar Spine |
- head or feet first - supine - knees elevated to reduce lordotic curve - coil should extend from xiphoid to sacrum - horizontal light passes through L3 |
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Lumbar Spine Protocol |
- sagittal/coronal localizer - sagittal T1 and T2 - axial T1/T2 |
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Lumbar Spine Slice Thickness |
Thin |
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Sagittal L-Spine Coverage |
- left to right lateral borders of vertebral bodies - conus to sacrum - angled parallel to vertebral column |
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Axial L-Spine Coverage |
- angled parallel to disc space - lamina below and above disc - lower three discs |
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Additional L-Spine Sequences |
- coronal T1 - STIR |
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Coronal T1 L-Spine |
Tethered cord (when sagittals are inconclusive)
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STIR L-Spine |
- marrow pathologies - bone fractures and tumours |
