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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mycobacterium is what kind of bacteria? |
An acid fast bacillus |
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Which staining method is used to stain TB |
Ziehl Neilssen |
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Which two categories can TB be divided into? |
Typical Atypical |
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The atypical class contains which pathogenic bacteria? |
M.leprae |
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Atypical mycobacterium are classified by which criteria? |
The runyon classification |
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How many TB bacilli are required to start an infection? |
1 |
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How is TB transmitted? |
By respiratory droplet |
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Survives where in its latency phase? |
Macrophages |
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What percentage of people affected by TB will have lifelong containment i.e. latent infection? |
90% |
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Where does TB first start? |
In the hila of the lungs |
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Reactivation TB then spreads to the where? |
Apices of the lung |
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Name five factors that promote progression to active disease? |
HIV Immunosuppressive drugs: cytotoxics/ steroids Age: extremes Poor nutrition Homelessness/IVDU/Poverty |
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Vaccination against Tb occurs at which age? |
12-14 years At birth if high risk parents |
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1 infectious case of TB will do what in terms of epidemiology? |
infect 10 others of whom 1 will develop TB |
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Which skin test should be done on these people? |
Tuberculin skin test (Heaf) |
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Histology of TB will show what? |
Granulomatous lesions with central caseous necrosis |
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Microscopy takes how long for a result |
24 hours and not all AFBs are TB |
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Focus on which five groups of people for TB testing? |
Contacts of Tb cases Immigrants HIV Children <5 Iatrogenic immunosuppression |
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Treatment for pulmonary TB? |
8 weeks on 4 drugs
Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
Then 16 weeks on 2 drugs
Rifampicin Isoniazid |
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Side effects of Rifampicin? |
Hepatitis Orange staining of urine and tears (contact lenses) Pill inactivation
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Isoniazid side effects? |
Hepatitis, neuropathy, agranulocytosis |
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Ethambutol causes which ophthalmic side effect? |
Optic neuritis with colour vision deteriorating |
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Pyrazinamide should not be used with which conditions present? |
Gout |
