Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Classification
|
Grouping together objects based on similarities
|
|
|
Taxonomy
|
the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying organisms
|
|
|
binomial nomenclature
|
a scientific name with two parts: genus and species, in Latin
|
|
|
Rules for writing scientific names
|
1. genus capitalized
2. species name in lower case 3. must be underlined or italicized |
|
|
Classifying
|
a hierarchical system is used whereby each organism is grouped
into 7 categories (taxa) |
|
|
The Seven Taxa
|
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
|
|
|
The mnemonic for remembering the seven taxa
|
King Philip caught over fifty giant snails
|
|
|
How organisms are classified today
|
Phylogeny (an organism's evolutionary history, or how closely it's related to other organisms
|
|
|
To determine phylogeny, these 4 things are compared
|
Anatomy, Biochemistry, Development, Behavior
|
|
|
Phylogeny for the 6 kingdoms of life
|
Fungi, Eubacteria, Plantae, Anamalia, Protista, Archaebacteria
|
|
|
2 things viruses are made of:
|
DNA/RNA and a capsid
|
|
|
reasons why viruses are considered nonliving
|
1. not made of cells
2. cannot use energy 3. can't make proteins (grow and develop) 4.can't reproduce w/o host cell |
|
|
the steps of the lytic cycle
|
1. attach to host cell
2. injection of genetic info 3. viral genes and protein coats are made 4. Assembly of Viral parts 5. release of new viruses |
|
|
the steps of the lysogenic cycle
|
1. attach to host cell
2. injection of genetic material 3. host cell incorporates viral genes 4. transgenic cell reproduces 5.Assembly of viral parts 6. release of new viruses |
|
|
bacteria are always _ karyotic
|
pro
|
|
|
the two kingdoms where bacteria are found
|
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
|
|
|
the three shapes of bacteria
|
bacillus (rod), coccus (round), spirillum (spiral)
|
|
|
general characteristics of bacteria
|
prokaryotic, unicellular, structures: cell wall & membrane, ribosomes, flagella and pilli
|
|
|
how bacteria reproduce
|
binary fission, conjugation
|
|
|
the three types of bacteria
|
photosynthetic, chemosynthetic, heterotrophic (most are heterotrophic)
|
|
|
general characteristics of protists
|
1. first eukaryotes on planet earth
2. live in moist, wet environments 3. most are unicellular 4. lack animal, plant and bacteria characteristics |
|
|
3 major protists groups
|
protozoa -animal like
algae- plant like fungus like- heterotrophic decomposers |
|
|
ciliates (animal)
|
loco: cilia
ex. paramecium |
|
|
zooflagellates (animal)
|
loco: flagella
ex. trypanosoma, giardia |
|
|
sarcodines (animal)
|
loco: pseudopods
ex. amoeba |
|
|
sporozoans (animal)
|
loco: don't move
ex. plasmodium (malaria) |
|
|
green algae (algae)
|
ancestors of land plants
|
|
|
euglena (algae)
|
phohsynthetic with flagella
|
|
|
dinoflagelletes (algae)
|
two flagella spin (pfisteria)
|
|
|
diatoms (algae)
|
glass shells. symmetrical
|
|
|
red algae (algae)
|
can photosynthesize deep in the ocean. in sushi and ice cream
|
|
|
brown algae (algae)
|
largest living algae. forest like
|
|
|
Fungus-like protists/ slime molds
|
downy mildews and misomycetes
|
|
|
lichens
|
algae cells that live among the hyphae of a fungus. can grow on bare rock
|
|
|
mycorrhizae
|
fungal hyphae that live amoung the roots of a plant. symbiotic relationship
|
|
|
4 divisions of the kingdom fungi
|
zygomycetes (black bread mold), Ascomycetes (truffles. have sac called ascus), Basidiomycetes (club fungi, MUSHROOMS!!!!!), Imperfect fungi (yeasts, deuteromycetes (penecillian))
|
|
|
viral diseases
|
cold, flu, chicken pox, HIV, cold sores (herpes)
|
|
|
protezoan diseases
|
African sleeping sickness, malaria, giardia
|
|
|
fungal diseases
|
athlete's foot, toe fungus, ring worm
|
|
|
what fungal walls are made of
|
a ploysaccharide called chitin
|
|
|
hyphae
|
the little strings that fungi are maded of
|
|
|
mycelium
|
the web of hyphae
|
|
|
spore
|
a fungus' reproductive structure
|
|
|
sessile
|
stuck in one place
|
|
|
what monera cell walls are made of
|
peptidoglycans
|
|
|
5 beneficial things bacteria can do
|
1. can make certain foods
2. decompose dead matter 3. fix nitrogen in the air 4. responsible for a lot of photosynthesis 5. help mammals digest things |
|
|
what is the only unicellular fungus?
|
yeast
|
|
|
What is the difference between protists and monera
|
monera are prokaryotic, mostly sessile, and they ALL have cell walls made of peptidoglycans
|
|
|
what is a bacteriophage?
|
a virus that affects bacteria
|
|
|
what is chemosynthesis?
|
the process when bacteria use electrons and chemical compounds to make foods
|
