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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two methods of systematics?
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evolutionary taxonomy and cladistics
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What is evolutionary taxonomy?
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considers both evolutionary branching and the extent of divergence
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What is clasdistics?
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considers only evolutionary branching
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What do both evolutionary taxonomy and cladistics use?
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shared derived characteristics
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What were the two kingdoms in the old system?
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plantae and animalia
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How was Kingdom Plantae described in the old system?
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non-motile and autotrophic
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How was Kingdom Animalia described in the old system?
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motil and heterotrophic
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What are the 5 kingdoms of the new system?
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Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
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Characterize Kingdom Monera
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- all prokaryotic organisms
- contain archaea bacteria, eubacteria, and cyanobacteria |
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Characterize Kingdom Protista
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- one-celled eukaryotic organisms and close relatives
- very diverse - ancestors of fungi, plants, animals |
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Characterize Kingdom Fungi.
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-eukaryotic, multi-cellular
- non-motile - cell walls similar to plants - heterotrophic -bread molds, mushrooms |
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Characterize Kingdom Plantae
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-eukaryotic, multi-cellular
- autotrophic - non-motile - cell walls with cellulose - mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants (most successful) |
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Characterize Kingdom Animalia
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- eukaryotic, multi-cellular
- heterotrophic - motile |
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What are the 4 types of body symmetry?
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asymmetry, spherical, radial, bilateral
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What is radial symmetry?
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any cut thru the center in any plane will result in 2 equal halves
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What is the oral surface?
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the top (radial symmetry)
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What is the aboral surface?
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the bottom (radial symmetry)
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What is bilateral symmetry?
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one cut in 1 plane will produce 2 equal halves
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What are the 4 major sides in bilateral symmetry?
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dorsal (back)
anterior (head) ventral (belly) posterior (tail end) |
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What is the digestive cavity surrounded by?
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surrounded by embryonic endoderm
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What are the 3 types of body cavities?
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acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and true coelomates
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What are acoelomates?
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Organisms with no body cavity.
Ex. hydra (2 cell layers) and planaria (3 cell layers) |
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What are pseudocoelomates?
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Organisms with body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm.
Ex. roundworms and rotifers |
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What are true coelomates?
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Organisms with body cavity entirely within mesoderm.
Ex. earthworm, snail, insect, starfish, human |
