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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Membranes are made of a _____ _____.
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Phospholipid Bilayer
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Increasing the amount of cholesterol in a membrane would do what to its fluidity?
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Decrease it
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In reference to polarity, the head of a phospholipid is ____ and the tails are ____.
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Polar, Nonpolar
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List the four components of the cell membrane.
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Phospholipid Bilayer, Transmembrane Proteins, Interior Protein Network(Cytoskeleton), and Cell Surface Markers (Glycocalyx)
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What are some of the functions of membrane proteins?
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Transporters, Enzymes, Cell Surface Identity Markers, Cell Adhesion Proteins, Attachments to Cytoskeleton
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How are proteins held in the membrane?
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Modified lipids enter the internal region of the bilayer and chemically bind to the protein.
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What is diffusion?
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The random motion of particles that cause a net movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.
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What is selective permeability?
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The allowance of only certain molecules to pass through protein channels.
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The direction of movement of ions through membrane transport proteins depends on _____ and _________________.
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Concentration, Voltage Across the Membrane
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What are the three characterstics of the carriers of facilitated diffusion?
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Specific (only allow certain molecules through), Passive (No ATP used), and Saturatable (Rate of Diffusion Levels off at Increased Concentrations)
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What is osmosis?
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The diffusion of water down its concentration gradient.
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What is osmotic concentration?
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The concentration of all solutes in the solution.
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What are hyperosmotic, hyposmotic, and isosmotic?
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Solute of higher concentration, lower concentration, and equal concentration.
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What is hyrdrostatic pressure?
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The pressure of the cytoplasm on the cell membrane.
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What is osmotic pressure?
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The pressure that must be applied to stop the net movement of water across a membrane.
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What are some methods of maintaining osmotic balance?
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Extrusion (Contractile Vacuole Pushes out Water), Isosmotic Solutions (Internal Solute Concentration Adjusts to Environment), Turgor (High Internal Solute Concentration Brings in Water that Applies Pressure to the Membrane)
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What is Endocytosis? What is Exocytosis?
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The enveloping of food by a cell membrane, the release of waste by a cell membrane.
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In Endocytosis, what is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
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Phagocytosis Envelopes Solids. Pinocytosis Envelopes Liquids.
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What happens in receptor-mediated endocytosis?
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Receptors on the plasma membrane recognize specific molecules and then envelope them.
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What material coats the pit in the membrane of receptor-mediated endocytosis?
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Clathrin
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What is active transport?
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A method of molecular transport that requires the expenditure of energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient.
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What is coupled transport?
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The use of energy stored in the concentration gradient of a molecule to actively tranport a different one.
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Who made these flashcards?
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Robert Fromm
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