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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the nature of the genetic material in prokaryotes? Eukaryotes?
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Single circular molecule. Double helix strand structure contained within a nucleus.
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What is the material that fills the cell?
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Cytoplasm.
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What is the nature of the plasma membrane?
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It is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
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What are the smallest living units of an organism?
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Cells.
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Why are most cells so small?
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A smaller size leads to a larger surface area to volume ratio, which greatly lessens diffusion time.
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What is resolution?
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The minimum distance between two points so that the two points appear distinct from one another.
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Describe the three microscope types.
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Compound- magnifies with lenses. Transmission Electron- electrons pass through the specimen. Scanning Electron- electrons bounce off the specimen.
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In prokaryotes, what is the cell wall made of?
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Peptidoglycan (carbohydrate matrix cross linked with short polypeptides)
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What is a gram stain? What color is gram positive? Negative?
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A process used to determine bacteria's susceptablity to antibiotics. Purple. Red.
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What are flagellum? What are pili? What's the difference?
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Flagellum and pili are both protrusions of the cell. Flagellum are used for movement. Pili are used to move genetic material.
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What is unique about eukaryotic cells?
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They have membrane bound organelles, they are compartmentalized, they have a nucleus, and they have chromosomes.
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What happens in the nucleolus?
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Intense ribosomal RNA synthesis.
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What do nucleur pores do?
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They control the movement of materials into and out of the nucleus.
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Except during cellular division, DNA is stored as _________.
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Chromatin.
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What makes up a nucleosome?
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A histone with the DNA strand wrapped around it.
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What does the endomembrane system do? What's the difference between rough and smooth ER.
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Compartmentalize the cell. Rough is studded with ribosomes and makes proteins. Smooth is less studded and makes lipids and carbohydrates.
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Describe the Golgi apparatus.
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It takes in molecules through the cis face, prepares them for transport within the cell, and excretes them from the trans face.
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How are most molecules modified as they pass throught he Golgi apparatus?
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A short sugar chain is usually added. With proteins, forms a glycoprotein. With lipids, forms a glycolipid.
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What are the different types of vesicles and their function?
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Lysosomes (break down old organelles), Microbodies (isolate chemical reactions)
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What are ribosomes?
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Structures in the cytoplasm that assemble proteins from an mRNA transcript.
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What are mitochondria?
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Organelles that create ATP through oxidative metabolism.
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What are chloroplasts?
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Structures in the cell that have stacks of thylakoids called grana that absorb light and convert it to usable energy.
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What is the theory about the origin of eukaryotes?
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Endosymbiosis (prokaryotes engulfed other organisms)
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What are the different types of cytoskeleton?
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Actin filaments (cell movement), Microtubules (formed during division), and Intermediate Filaments (structure).
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What is the central vacuole?
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It is the large storage facility for water and other materials in plant cells.
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What do animal cells form instead of a cell wall?
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An extracellular matrix.
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Who made these flashcards?
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Robert Fromm
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