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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matter is composed of particles called _______.
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Atoms
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What are the different particles within an atom, what is their charge, and where are they found?
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Electron (-, electron cloud), Proton (+, nucleus) Neutron (0, nucleus)
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What is are isotope?
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Atoms of the same element but with a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.
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What is half-life? What is the approximate half-life of carbon-14?
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The time it takes for half of a sample of a radioactive isotope to degrade. 5600 years.
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What are ions? What are cations? Anions?
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Atoms that are not electrically neutral. Positively charged ions. Negatively charged ions.
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What is oxidation? What is reduction?
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The loss of an electron. The gain of an electron.
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What is an orbital?
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The probable location of an electron.
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What does the octet rule state?
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Atoms are stablest and least reactive when the outermost electron shell is filled.
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What are the different bond types?
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Ionic (cation/anion attraction), Covalent (electrons shared), Hydrogen Bonds (hydrogens between molecules attract).
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Describe ionic and covalent bonds.
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Ionic bonds are weak, electrical, and dissolve in water. Covalent bonds are strong and less reactive.
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What happens in a chemical reaction?
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Bonds are formed or broken. Reactions are influenced by temperature, concentration of reactants and products, and the presence of catalysts.
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What are some of the properties of water?
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It is electronegative, it is polar, it experiences cohesion and adhesion, it has a high specific heat and heat of vaporization, it is a powerful solvent, it organizes nonpolar molecules, it ionizes, and it has a neutral pH.
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Where do acids and bases fall on the pH scale?
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Acids have pH below 7, bases above.
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What are buffers?
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A substance that stores and releases hydrogen ions according to pH, keeping the pH of its environment relatively stable.
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Who made these flashcards?
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Robert Fromm
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