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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are genetic maps? What units are used on genetic maps?
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Diagrams that show RELATIVE location of genes on a chromosome. Centimorgans (0.01% recombination).
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What are physical maps? What units are used on physical maps?
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Diagrams that show relative location of landmarks within specific DNA sequences. Base-pairs (1000 bp=1 kb).
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What are used to create larger genome maps? What's a contig?
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Sequence-Tagged Sites (STSs). A continuous segment of a genome.
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What are the vectors used when a large piece of DNA is to be cloned?
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Artificial Chromosomes. (Bacterial or Yeast)
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What is shotgun sequencing? What is a consensus sequence?
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Sequencing all of the cloned fragments and then using a computer to put them together. A consensus sequence is an additional copy that the computer uses to develop a more accurate sequence.
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Is the number of genes what determines how complex an organism is?
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No. (Rice has more genes than humans)
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What is bioinformatics?
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The use of computer programs to search for, compare, and assemble genes.
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What is an open reading frame (ORF)? What is an expressed sequence tag (EST)?
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A section of DNA that codes for protein. A sequence tagged site used to identify genes in a genomic sequence.
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What are the four classes of protein encoding genes?
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Single-copy genes (Single copy on a chromosome), Segmental Duplications (Blocks copied between chromosomes), Multigene Families (Clusters of related genes), Tandem Clusters (Identical copies all transcribed simultaneously).
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What are the six classes of noncoding genes?
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Noncoding DNA within genes (introns), structural, simple sequence repeats, segment duplications, pseudogenes (inactive, possibly due to mutation), transposable elements (jump between locations on chromosomes)
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What are the different types of transposable elements?
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Long and short interspersed elements (LINES and SINES).
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What is linkage disequilibrium?
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The tendency for genes not to be randomized. It is used as a tool in mapping genes.
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What is synteny?
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Conserved arrangements of DNA segments in related genomes.
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What is functional genomics?
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The study of the function of genes and their products.
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What are DNA Microarrays?
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An assortment of DNA fragments on a microscope slide. It allows the screening of a large number of genes extremely quickly.
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What is protoeomics?
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The cataloguing and analyzing of every protein in the human body.
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How is all of the RNA present in a cell at a specific time studied?
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Transcriptome is used.
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How has genomics helped humankind?
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Improved medical diagnostics, improved agriculture, and biological weapons.
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What are single nucleotide polymorphisms?
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Sites where individuals differ by only a single nucleotide.
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Who made these flashcards?
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Robert Fromm
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