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36 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
muscles=organs cuz...
composed of muscle, epithelial, conn, and nerv. tissue
smooth muscle
essential for propelling stuff thru internal tubes (i.e. peristalsis)
cardiac muscle
only in heart. pumps blood
muscle cell (fibers) characteristics
excitability, contractibility, elasticity, extensibility
hypertrophy
increase in muscle fiber size (from exercise)
function of skelet. muscle tissue
move, posture, temp reg., store and move materials, support internal structures
sphincters
circ. muscle bands that contract at openings (orifices) of gastrointestinal and urinary tract
orifices
openings
tendon
at end of muscle, where conn tissue layers merge to form cordlike attachment to bone usu.
aponeurosis
when tendon sometimes forms thin flattened sheet
origin
less moveable attachment of muscle. in limbs usu proximal to insertion
insertion
more moveable muscle attachment. in limbs usu distal to insertion
blood vessels and nerves
extend thru fibrous coverings of muscle. vessels deliver mutrients and o2 of atp productoinand remove waste
somatic (voluntary) nervous syst
controls movement of skeletal muscles
motor/efferent neurons
neurons that stimulate muscle to contract. travel away from CNS. innervate musc fibers w/in musc
axon
long extension of each motor neuron, transmits nerve impulse to musc fiber, travels thru fibrous musc cover to individual musc fiber
sensory/afferent neurons
travel to CNS, send impulses to brain and spinal cord about musc activity
fascicles
bundles of musc fibers that lie parallel w/in each muscle
circular muscles /sphincter
have fibers concentrically arranged around opening. Ex=obicularis oris
parallel muscles
have fascicles that run parallel to long axis. have belly. ex biceps brachii or rectus abdominus
belly
central body of parallel musc. shortens when musc contracts
convergent muscles
have widespread muscle fibers that converge on common attachment site. usu triangle shape/fan w/ tendon at tip. ex pectoralis major
pennate muscles
"feather" have one or more tendons extending thru body and fascicles arranged at oblique angle to tendon.
uni/bi/multipennate muscle
fibers on one side of tendon/both/ tendon branches (ex deltoid)
3 lever kinds
F R E 1 2 3, (letter is middle thing)
1st class lever
F=middle. ex atlanto occipital joint or triceps brachii
2nd class lever
R=mid. like lifting hanf=dles of wheelbarrow. ex contracting calf muscle to stand on distal end of metatarsals
3rd class lever
E=mid. like drawbridge. most common. ex flexion of elbow and elevation of mandible
agonist
"prime mover" contracts to produce movemen. ex tric brachii causing extension of forearm
antagonist
muscle whose actions oppose agonist, like bic brachii causing flexion of forearm. allows to control speed of agonist
synergist
muscle aids prime mover, like teres major helping latissimus dorsi to move arm
muscle fiber orientation
rectus, transverse, oblique
naming muscles
117 notes, 309 book
muscle aging
mass lost replaced by adipose tissue or fibrous conn tissue. # contractile filaments decreases=atrophy, decrease cardio=less o2
atrophy
muscle fibers decrease size
fibrosis
increase in amount of dense reg conn tissue that decreases musc elasticity