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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
muscles=organs cuz...
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composed of muscle, epithelial, conn, and nerv. tissue
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smooth muscle
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essential for propelling stuff thru internal tubes (i.e. peristalsis)
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cardiac muscle
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only in heart. pumps blood
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muscle cell (fibers) characteristics
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excitability, contractibility, elasticity, extensibility
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hypertrophy
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increase in muscle fiber size (from exercise)
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function of skelet. muscle tissue
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move, posture, temp reg., store and move materials, support internal structures
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sphincters
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circ. muscle bands that contract at openings (orifices) of gastrointestinal and urinary tract
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orifices
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openings
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tendon
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at end of muscle, where conn tissue layers merge to form cordlike attachment to bone usu.
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aponeurosis
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when tendon sometimes forms thin flattened sheet
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origin
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less moveable attachment of muscle. in limbs usu proximal to insertion
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insertion
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more moveable muscle attachment. in limbs usu distal to insertion
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blood vessels and nerves
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extend thru fibrous coverings of muscle. vessels deliver mutrients and o2 of atp productoinand remove waste
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somatic (voluntary) nervous syst
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controls movement of skeletal muscles
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motor/efferent neurons
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neurons that stimulate muscle to contract. travel away from CNS. innervate musc fibers w/in musc
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axon
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long extension of each motor neuron, transmits nerve impulse to musc fiber, travels thru fibrous musc cover to individual musc fiber
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sensory/afferent neurons
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travel to CNS, send impulses to brain and spinal cord about musc activity
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fascicles
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bundles of musc fibers that lie parallel w/in each muscle
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circular muscles /sphincter
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have fibers concentrically arranged around opening. Ex=obicularis oris
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parallel muscles
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have fascicles that run parallel to long axis. have belly. ex biceps brachii or rectus abdominus
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belly
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central body of parallel musc. shortens when musc contracts
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convergent muscles
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have widespread muscle fibers that converge on common attachment site. usu triangle shape/fan w/ tendon at tip. ex pectoralis major
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pennate muscles
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"feather" have one or more tendons extending thru body and fascicles arranged at oblique angle to tendon.
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uni/bi/multipennate muscle
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fibers on one side of tendon/both/ tendon branches (ex deltoid)
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3 lever kinds
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F R E 1 2 3, (letter is middle thing)
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1st class lever
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F=middle. ex atlanto occipital joint or triceps brachii
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2nd class lever
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R=mid. like lifting hanf=dles of wheelbarrow. ex contracting calf muscle to stand on distal end of metatarsals
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3rd class lever
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E=mid. like drawbridge. most common. ex flexion of elbow and elevation of mandible
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agonist
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"prime mover" contracts to produce movemen. ex tric brachii causing extension of forearm
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antagonist
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muscle whose actions oppose agonist, like bic brachii causing flexion of forearm. allows to control speed of agonist
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synergist
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muscle aids prime mover, like teres major helping latissimus dorsi to move arm
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muscle fiber orientation
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rectus, transverse, oblique
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naming muscles
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117 notes, 309 book
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muscle aging
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mass lost replaced by adipose tissue or fibrous conn tissue. # contractile filaments decreases=atrophy, decrease cardio=less o2
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atrophy
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muscle fibers decrease size
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fibrosis
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increase in amount of dense reg conn tissue that decreases musc elasticity
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