Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Define terms used to describe cell structure & cell arrangement. |
Unicellular: composed only of a single type of cell.
Multicellular: composed of more than one type of cell |
Uni & Multi |
|
|
Describe five groups prokaryote cells are divided. Give three examples of pathogens and disease caused |
GRAM POSITIVE: Streptococcus – pneumococcal pneumonia. Staphylococcus – S. aureus Bacillus – B anthracis
GRAM NEGATIVE: Salmonella –S. typhi (Typhoid) Escherichia coli- Gastro enteritis (UTI) Neissena- N. Meningitis (meningitis)
ACID FAST Mycobacterium- M. tuberculosis (TB)
NO CELL WALL Mycoplasma pneumoniae- mild pneumonia.
ARCHAEA |
|
|
|
Describe overall morphology of fungi at the cellular level. Differentiate between yeast and molds. |
All are eukaryotic. Thick cell walls of chitin (no PG) Sterols in cell membrane. Non-motile.
Yeasts: unicellular and forms colonies – oval shaped.
Molds and fleshy fungi: multicellular and filamentous – hyphae. |
|
|
|
Describe how yeast reproduce and how molds reproduce. |
YEAST: asexually – cell division/budding.
MOLD: spore production both asexual and sexual. |
|
|
|
Name three medically important phyla that fungi are divided into.
Give one example of a pathogen in the disease that causes for each of the listed phyla. |
Ascomycota: Trichophyton – athletes foot
Basidiomycota: Cryptococcus neoformans-opportunistic respiratory infection, AIDS patients.
Zygomycota: Rhizopus-opportunistic and infects patients with suppressed immune system (AIDS/diabetes). |
A, B, Z |
|
|
Name and describe the four different types of mycoses. |
SUPERFICIAL: infection of the hair shaft and superficial epidermal cells confined to outer dead layers of skin nails and hair.
CUTANEOUS: in fact outer layers of epidermis hair nails – athletes foot, ringworm and Jock itch.
SUBCUTANEOUS: infection of the subcutaneous tissue – lower layers of dermis and epidermis.
SYSTEMIC: deep within the body, often enters be a lungs and can invade other organs. |
Su, Cu, Su, Sy |
|
|
Give two examples of fungal pathogens and disease caused for cutaneous and systemic mycoses. |
Cutaneous mycoses: Epidermophyton-jock itch Trichophyton-ringworm and athletes foot.
SYSTEMIC MYCOSES: Histoplasma capsulatum-histoplasmosis. Candida albicans-infection of the skin and mucous membranes. |
|
|
|
Define opportunistic fungal infection & give one example. |
Normally does not cause disease that can become pathogenic under certain circumstances. Occurs almost exclusively in debilitated patients.
Candida albicans |
|
|
|
Describe function of protozoan cysts. |
Protozoa can form a dormant stage cyst to protect itself when environmental conditions become unfavorable. Allows parasites to survive outside of host. Difficult to destroy. |
|
|
|
Describe the defining characteristics of protozoa. |
Eukaryotic•Heterotrophic Most unicellular•Most free living Require moisture in environment•Lack cell wall Do not form colonies•Most are motile
|
|
|
|
Name and describe the four groups that protozoa are divided into.
Give one example of a pathogen and the disease it causes for each group. |
CILIATES: Cillia for motility – most develop cysts. • Balantidium coli: rare dysentery (only ciliate that is human parasite)
FLAGELLATES: Flagella for motility – cysts. • Giardia lamblia-prolonged diarrhea.
AMOEBOID: use pseudopods, most cyst. • Entamoeba histolytica-prolonged diarrhea.
SPOROZOAN or APICOMPLEXANS: call parasites and vegetative cells are non-motile. • Plasmodium-malaria |
|
|
|
Describe the defining characteristics of algae. |
All Autotroph's • Multi & Unicellular • Photosynthetic and all are pigmented • Most have cell wall (cellulose) • Non motile • Reproduce asexually & sexually • can produce toxins/food poisoning • important role in echo system. |
|
|
|
Describe defining characteristics of parasitic helminths. |
Eukaryotic • No cell walls • Multi cellular • Heterotrophs • Parasitic • Larval stages from egg – worm • Some reproduce asexually |
|
|
|
Define: parasite, host and vector. |
Parasite – lives on and in an organism – usually harms organism.
Host – an organism infected by a pathogen.
Vector – an arthropod that carries disease causing organisms from one host to another. |
|
|
|
Name and describe the groups that parasitic helminths are divided. |
PLATYHELMINTHS-Flatworms • Trematodes: flukes- flat leaf shaped, central and oral suckers. • Cestodes: Tapeworms, Long and flat intestinal parasites, absorb food from cuticle & lack digestive system.
NEMATODES-Roundworms • some free living in soil and water • some parasites and plants and animals. • have complete digestive system. • most common cause of infectious disease. |
|
|
|
Give two examples of a pathogen and the disease it causes for: Nematodes, Cestodes & Trematodes. |
TREMATODES: • Schistosima: Schistomiasis-UI & GI infections (blood fluke).
CESTODES: • Taenia Solium- Pork tapeworm, intestinal infection.
• Taenia Saginata- Beed tapeworm.
NEMATODES: • Ascaris- Roundworm, causes ascariasis (1 billion infected).
• Wurcherena- roundworm – elephantiasis (90 million infected). |
|
|
|
Define cell nutritional type. |
AUTITROPH: Synthesizes its own organic nutrients. Carbon source is carbon dioxide & uses photosynthesis to synthesize organic nutrient.
HETEROTROPH: Requires organic nutrients source from bodies of other organisms.
SAPROBE: Uses organic detrias from dead organisms. Decomposer, type of heterotroph.
PARASITE: Derives nutrients from cells of living host at the expense of host organism. A type of heterotroph. |
|
