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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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properties of living matter
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contains carbon
atoms in an organic molecule are held together by covalent bonds living organisms are mostly made of 20 different amino acids carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur make up the mass of organic compounds and form covalent bonds cell is more than a mixture of molecules it is an organized system |
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ionic vs covalent bonds
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covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons
atoms must touch eachother in order to share a pair of electrons electrons in a shared pair travel around in a complicated orbit that takes them around both of the nuclei of the chemically bonded atomes a double bond forms when two atoms share two pairs of electrons and a tripple bond forms when two atoms share three pairs of electrons not possible for two atoms to share four pairs of electrons |
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polar covalent bonds vs non-polar covalent bonds
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non-polar: 2 atoms share a pair of electrons equally, no net charge
polar covalent: share pair of electrons unequally, one has slight negative charge, other has slight positive charge factor that determines whether a pair of electrons will be shared equally or not is the electronegativity of the atoms |
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electronegativity
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measure of the affinit of an atom for valence electrons
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non-polar examples
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h2
ch4 |
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polar examples
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h2o
nh3 |
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hydrocarbons
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do not tend to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds
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significance of polar and non-polar comounds
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solven is a liquid is used to dissolve some substance
water is a polar solvent hydrocarbons and oils are non-polar solvents like dissolves like hydrocarbons-long chain alkyl groups water-alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylates, amines...polar |
