Survey Of Jazz Midterm 1

Front 1

"Temp" refers to the ________ of the music.

Back 1

Speed

Front 2

A version of the trumpet with a mellower timbre and deep mouthpiece is called a

Back 2

Cornet

Front 3

A harmony consisting of three or more different pitches is called a ...

Back 3

triad

Front 4

A typical rhythm section in a jazz ensemble comprises...

Back 4

drums, piano, guitar and bass

Front 5

The interval on a piano from any key to the next key, above or below, of the same letter name is called a

Back 5

octave

Front 6

In addition to playing the roots to the harmonies, the string bass also

Back 6

provides an underlying rhythmic foundation

Front 7

In jazz terminology, "changes" refers to

Back 7

harmony

Front 8

Playing pitches with a great deal of flexibility, sliding infinitesimal fractions of a step for expressive purposes, is know as

Back 8

variable intonation, blue notes & bent notes

Front 9

A scale that is somewhere between a major and minor is called a

Back 9

Blues Scale

Front 10

The grouping of pulses (beats) into patterns of two, three, or more per bar is known as

Back 10

meter

Front 11

The most common meter used in jazz is

Back 11

duple

Front 12

The rhythmic contrast resulting from the simultaneous use of contrasting rhythms is known as

Back 12

polyrhythm

Front 13

The sound quality or "tone color" of an instrument is called

Back 13

a Timbre

Front 14

Timbre variation can be produced by

Back 14

changing the sound of the instrument

Front 15

When jazz bassists pluck the strings with their fingers, that technique is called

Back 15

pizzicato

Front 16

When musicians invent music in that space and moment, they are

Back 16

improvising

Front 17

Which are common brass instruments in jazz?

Back 17

trumpet and trombone

Front 18

Which instrument was originally in the rhythm section but is rarely encountered in jazz today?

Back 18

banjo

Front 19

Which of the following is a set of two drums, mounted on a stand, that are played with sticks instead of hands?

Back 19

Timbales

Front 20

_______ is the simultaneous sounding of pitches

Back 20

Harmony

Front 21

The composed portion of a small-combo jazz performance is a

Back 21

head

Front 22

A big band consists of three sections:

Back 22

brass, reeds and rhythms

Front 23

A break is an interruption of ______ texture by _______ texture

Back 23

homophonic; monophonic

Front 24

A short improvised passage by a drummer is known as a

Back 24

fill

Front 25

A statement by one musician or group of musicians immediately answered by another musician or group is known as

Back 25

call and response

Front 26

The chords played in the last few bars of a chorus, leading on to the next is called a

Back 26

turnaround

Front 27

In African music, improvisation happens within a repeated

Back 27

rhythmic cycle

Front 28

In a jazz ensemble, the "ride pattern" is played by the

Back 28

drummer

Front 29

Pop songs were originally written as a verse followed by a refrain. Musicians typically ______ the verse, _____________ the refrain as a cycle

Back 29

drop; repeating

Front 30

The "chorus" of a composition in a pop songs form

Back 30

thirty-two bars long, known as a refrain, and contains the central melody or tune

Front 31

The contrasting B section in pop song form is known as

Back 31

the bridge

Front 32

The phrases of thirty-two-bar pop songs form are best represented as

Back 32

AABA

Front 33

Thirty-two-bar pop songs form is made up of

Back 33

four eight-bar phrases

Front 34

Which chords or harmonies are used in twelve-bar blues?

Back 34

I, IV and V

Front 35

Which instrumentalist might drop "bombs" during a performance?

Back 35

drummer

Front 36

Some songs become popular over the years among jazz musicians because of their improvisational possibilities. These are called ___________

Back 36

Standards

Front 37

Sections within the chorus are usually represented

Back 37

like basic melodies, with letters such as A, B and C

Front 38

_____________ can involve call and response, occurs when soloist exchange short improvised solos, and often occurs between the drummer and other soloists

Back 38

Trading fours

Front 39

African American folk poetry are the roots of what form of music

Back 39

Blues

Front 40

"March form" was widely used in the following genre:

Back 40

ratime

Front 41

A polyrhythm, featuring a meter of three superimposed on a meter of two is called a

Back 41

Secondary ragtime

Front 42

Among the African American dances that shocked and invigorated the country in the early twentieth century was

Back 42

the Charleston

Front 43

At the turn of the century, the term _________ meant, a type of song, a piano style and a syncopated dance

Back 43

ragtime

Front 44

By 1900, the syncopations of ragtime music had shifted from the banjo to the ...

Back 44

piano

Front 45

Country blues musicians change the timbre and pitch of their guitars by using

Back 45

bottlenecks

Front 46

Field hollers and work songs

Back 46

expressed the loneliness and hardship of American Americans

Front 47

Gerturde "Ma" Rainey was

Back 47

a vaudeville/classic blues artist

Front 48

John Philip Sousa, as well as inventing the sousaphone, composed many marches, including

Back 48

"The Stars and Stripes Forever"

Front 49

James Reese Europe was

Back 49

an accomplished black conductor and arranger active during WWI

Front 50

Scott Joplin's most famous composition is

Back 50

"Maple Leaf Rag"

Front 51

The blues had ______-line stanzas

Back 51

three

Front 52

What type of show reinforced many degrading stereotypes of African Americans, featured performers in blackface makeup and was established as early as the 1840's

Back 52

The minstrel show

Front 53

The popularity of the trumpet (cornet), clarinet, and trombone in jazz was due mostly to the influence of

Back 53

brass bands

Front 54

Vaudeville blues - also known as classic or urban blues - were performed on

Back 54

black theater circuits

Front 55

It was a form of composition first published in 1897, its "ragged" polyrhythmic syncopation contributed to jazz, and it consisted of multiple distinct melodic strains were are true about what type of music

Back 55

Ragtime

Front 56

Who is the best-known composer of ragtime music?

Back 56

Scott Joplin

Front 57

______________, known as the "Father of the Blues," was a cornet-playing bandleader who first heard the blues in a Mississippi train station

Back 57

W.C Handy

Front 58

"Dead man Blues" was recorded in 1926 by

Back 58

Jelly Roll Morton and His Red Hot Peppers

Front 59

Exaggerated glissandos were features of

Back 59

Tailgate trombone

Front 60

An exaggerated slur from one note to the next is a

Back 60

glissando

Front 61

Before 1800, New Orleans was owned by

Back 61

France and Spain

Front 62

Several instruments impovising their parts simultaneously; dense, polyphonic texture; and defining characteristic of New Orleans jazz is

Back 62

Collective improvisation

Front 63

A racially mixed people of color were

Back 63

Creoles

Front 64

One of the first jazz musicians to travel widely was

Back 64

Freddie Keppard

Front 65

A Creole musician, a pianist and led the Red Hot Peppers was

Back 65

Jelly Roll Morton

Front 66

A musician that played the cornet, was Louis Armstrong's mentor and moved his band from New Orleans to Chicago was

Back 66

Joe "King" Oliver

Front 67

A musician that was Creole, led the Onward Brass Band, and studied classical music with a focus on the cornet was

Back 67

Manuel Perez

Front 68

The first great jazz saxophone soloist was

Back 68

Sidney Bechet

Front 69

An area known as "the district", contributed to the development of jazz and was a precinct of saloons, cabarets, and bordellos as

Back 69

Storyville

Front 70

The Great Migrations was a response to the manpower shortage created by

Back 70

WWI

Front 71

The Original Dixieland Jazz Band was a _______ ethnic band

Back 71

white

Front 72

The ____________ was the first jazz band to be recorded, in 1917

Back 72

Original Dixieland Jazz Band

Front 73

The instrumentation of New Orleans jazz derived from which two sources?

Back 73

brass bands and strings ensembles

Front 74

The trumpet (or cornet), trombone, and _________ constitute the front line of a New Orleans band

Back 74

clarinet

Front 75

When Louisiana and other southern states adopted the "Jim Crow" laws, the special privileges of the Creoles ended in the year

Back 75

1894

Front 76

Which musician, whose career ended with his nervous breakdown in 1906, is generally acknowledged as the first important musician in jazz?

Back 76

Buddy Bolden

Front 77

Will Marion Cook discovered what famous jazz saxophone soloist

Back 77

Sidney Bechet

Front 78

Although its specialty was the finest in Harlem jazz, the Cotton Club refused to admit

Back 78

black patrons

Front 79

Among the great stride virtuosos of the 1920s was ______________, a pianist whose composition "Carolina Shout" became a test-piece for the New York elite

Back 79

James P. Johnson

Front 80

Among the jazz soloist added to the Paul Whiteman Band in the mid-1920's was

Back 80

Bix Beiderbecke

Front 81

Among the musicians hired by Fletcher Henderson in the 1920's was

Back 81

Louis Armstrong

Front 82

Bing Crosby's vocal style was inspired by

Back 82

Louis Armstrong

Front 83

Don Redman was

Back 83

an arranger

Front 84

Duke Ellington's compositions number

Back 84

over a thousand

Front 85

George Gershwin composed and performed

Back 85

Rhapsody in Blue

Front 86

How many notes does a pentatonic scale have?

Back 86

five

Front 87

Jazz nightlife was affected by the passage of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, which

Back 87

prohibited the sale and manufacture of alcohol

Front 88

Jazz was transformed by the following technological advancements, new in the 1920's

Back 88

radio, electrical recording, and movies

Front 89

Paul Whiteman hired ___________ to be the full-time featured vocalist with his orchestra

Back 89

Bing Crosby

Front 90

Rhapsody in Blue's premiere, in 1924, featured

Back 90

the Paul Whiteman Orchestra

Front 91

A left-hand technique, alternating bass notes and chords defines what style

Back 91

Stride style

Front 92

The bandleader and composed Duke Ellington was also

Back 92

a songwriter, an arranger and a stride-piano player

Front 93

The center of the songwriting industry in New York was known colloquially as

Back 93

Tin Pan Alley

Front 94

This San Francisco bandleader was not famous, but he established the saxophone section as part of a jazz ensamble

Back 94

Art Hickman

Front 95

This bandleader, widely known as the "King of Jazz," was an early pop superstar who championed "symphonic jazz"

Back 95

Paul Whiteman

Front 96

Any musician employed by a bandleader is called a

Back 96

sideman

Front 97

A white cornet player from Iowa was

Back 97

Bix Beiderbecke

Front 98

Coleman Hawkins was an influential solist on the

Back 98

tenor sax

Front 99

During the 1920's, Louis Armstrong recorded with

Back 99

Sidney Bechet, Bessie Smith, and Early Hines

Front 100

In 1928, Armstrong recorded with this pianist from Pittsburgh, whose single-line improvisations matched his ability to create new melodic lines

Back 100

Earl Hines

Front 101

In addition to being a leading exponent of the "Chicago style," Frankie Trumbauer was

Back 101

a saxophonist whose delicate solos influenced later black soloists

Front 102

In his later years, _______________, had a number one ht single in 1964 ("Hello, Dolly!"), maintained his old-fashioned "grinning and shuffling" stage demeanor despite its uncomfortable connections to minstrel traditions, and shocked the establishment by protesting Orval Faubus's takeover of Central High School

Back 102

Louis Armstrong

Front 103

Louis Armstrong changed the way jazz musicians improvised by preforming with a _________________ that was quickly imitated

Back 103

rhythmic energy

Front 104

Louis Armstrong grew up in a

Back 104

poor neighborhood in New Orleans

Front 105

____________'s All Stars was a band that played in the New Orleans style that Armstrong played with and led for the last twenty-five years of his life

Back 105

Louis Armstrong

Front 106

The Hot Five and Hot Seven recordings are influential because they feature

Back 106

soloists and highlight individual expression

Front 107

Vocal improvistation that uses nonsense syllables instead of words is called

Back 107

scat-singing

Front 108

What did Louis Armstrong learn through his gig in the Mississippi riverboats?

Back 108

He improved his ability to read music, learned to adapt New Orleans-style improvisation to written arrangements, and learned songs outside the New Orleans repertory

Front 109

What was distinctive about Bix Beiderbeck's recording "Singin' the Blues" when it was recorded in 1927?

Back 109

It is a slow ballad

Front 110

When individual notes of a chord are played one after another it is called

Back 110

an arpeggio

Front 111

When the Swing Era began, in 1935, Louis Armstrong

Back 111

fronted his own big band and made dozens of hit records

Front 112

_____________ is considered by many the most important figure in the development of Jazz

Back 112

Louis Armstrong

Front 113

_________ was Louis Armstrong's nickname

Back 113

Satchmo

Front 114

__________ was known for his legato performance style

Back 114

Coleman Hawkins