Survey Of Jazz Midterm 2

Front 1

Who did the Austin High Gang consist of and where was the band based?

Back 1

White musicians, including Gene Krupa and Benny Goodman, and based in Chicago.

Front 2

What are some characteristics of “Chicago style” and what was the association with the Austin High Gang?

Back 2

Emphasis on solo playing and aggressive rhythms, and it was created by the Austin High Gang.

Front 3

What was the ensemble size of swing bands?

Back 3

Large bands

Front 4

What commercial elements did swing jazz utilize?

Back 4

Simple texture and melodies, decreased improvisation – appealed to teenagers

Front 5

Who’s book of arrangements did Benny Goodman use for his band?

Back 5

Fletcher Henderson’s

Front 6

Define Jam Session

Back 6

Informal gathering of musicians playing for their own pleasure, teaching opportunity for young musicians

Front 7

What role did John Hammond play in music production?

Back 7

Agent/Producer, not musician

Front 8

Define cutting contests, and what was their purpose?

Back 8

A competition between bands or soloists to determine who has superior skill/virtuosity/stamina/etc

Front 9

What were cutting contests’ association with the Savoy?

Back 9

Many cutting contests took place at the savoy for their integrated audience.

Front 10

What was Chick Webb’s association with the savoy?

Back 10

Chick Webb’s band was one of the most influential at the savoy, he “ruled” the savoy.

Front 11

Were there all-female jazz bands?

Back 11

Yes

Front 12

Was their pay inequality between male and female bands?

Back 12

Yes

Front 13

How did vocalists’ status/pay compare to instrumentalists?

Back 13

They were considered inferior, only included in bands as a concession to popular taste, and were paid less.

Front 14

Give some examples of white swing bands

Back 14

Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, Glenn Miller

Front 15

Give some examples of black swing bands

Back 15

Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington, Chick Webb, Jimmie Lunceford, Cab Calloway, Fats Waller

Front 16

Give some musical characteristics of boogie-woogie

Back 16

Blues chords and chord progressions, forceful vamps by left hand

Front 17

What groups/regions were associated with boogie-woogie?

Back 17

The southwest, and loggers/logging

Front 18

Define territory bands

Back 18

Touring bands that travelled in a day’s travel’s area from their headquarters (typically small regional capitals)

Front 19

What was Mary Lou Williams’ influence in Andy Kirk’s band?

Back 19

She was the talent behind it – her compositions, arrangements, and solos were the basis for the Clouds of Joy’s success.

Front 20

What was Tom Pentergast’s role in swing in Kansas City?

Back 20

Via political corruption fostered the rise of Jazz in Kansas City (permissive laws, behavior)

Front 21

What was the role of timbre in Duke Ellington’s swing band?

Back 21

Sought players with unique and quirky sounds to give his band a unique timbre

Front 22

What was Billy Strayhorn’s role in Jazz?

Back 22

Composer

Front 23

What was Billy Strayhorn’s affiliation with Duke Ellington’s band?

Back 23

Co-composed with him in the 30s/40s

Front 24

Why did Nazis dislike Jazz?

Back 24

Its roots in freedom of expression served as a symbol against tyranny, also many famous Jazz musicians were Jews and it obviously has black roots.

Front 25

What were some musical traits of Coleman Hawkins’ music?

Back 25

Harmonic improvisation rather than melodic paraphrase (for solos) and use of arpeggios.

Front 26

Were swing ensembles mainly integrated or segregated?

Back 26

Mainly segregated

Front 27

Why did touring promote segregated bands?

Back 27

Venues/locales would treat the band members as distinctly segregate – some venues wouldn’t allow blacks to play, etc.

Front 28

What was the racial makeup of the savoy’s audience?

Back 28

Integrated, esp. during cutting contests

Front 29

Where was the savoy located?

Back 29

Harlem, New York

Front 30

What was Benny Goodman’s significance regarding racial issues?

Back 30

The first to stage interracial performances, had to bill his black performers as “special guests” to gain acceptance/permission to play

Front 31

Which ensembles were featured at Carnegie hall in 1938?

Back 31

Benny Goodman primarily, a bunch of others (mixed race)

Front 32

What did John Hammond do for many young musicians?

Back 32

Fostered their careers, did so for both blacks and whites (ignored color)

Front 33

What else is significant regarding John Hammond and race?

Back 33

He integrated ensembles despite himself being white

Front 34

Did white bands or black bands spend more time touring?

Back 34

Black bands

Front 35

What were some of the problems facing black bands on tour?

Back 35

Weren’t allowed in some venues, lodging, restaurants, restrooms, etc

Front 36

How did Duke Ellington cultivate race awareness in his music?

Back 36

Verbal statements, as well as the titles/topics of his works and the fact that his band was integrated.