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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organic Molecule Compound |
The study of carbon-based molecules
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Carbon |
The Building block of living things - Comprises 18% of the body weight - Forms FOUR covalent bonfs - Can from single or double bonds - Can build micro or macromolecules **It is the major macromolecule that the world/nature uses. |
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Carbon Atoms of organic compounds |
Use one or more of their bonds to partner with other elements Mainly: 1. Hydrogen 2. Oxygen 3. Nitrogen |
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Hyrdrocarbons |
-Contain only Carbon and Hydrogen Atoms -Simplest Hydrocarbon= Methane - Important fuels in your body; the energy rich parts of fat molecules have a hydrocarbon structure |
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Methane |
A single carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. |
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Functional Groups |
Groups of atoms directly involved in chemical reaction |
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Examples of Functional Groups |
1. Hydroxyl 2. Carboxyl |
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Macromolecule |
Three categories of large biological molecules such as carbs, proteins and Nucleic acid |
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Polymers |
Large molecules made by stringing together many molecules - Macromolecules are these. |
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Dehydration Synthesis |
A chemical reaction that removes a molecule of water to link molecular units - Requires Energy - Builds Macromolecules from smaller units |
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Hydrolysis |
Breakdown of polymers - Break down with water -Adds the equivalent of a water molecule to break apart MACROmolecule - It is the REVERSE of Dehydration. |
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Carbohydrates |
Class of molecules that include sugars and polymers of sugars and are used for energy and structural support - General Formula: Cn(H20)n
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Carbs for Animals |
Primary Source of dietary energy and raw material for manufacturing other kinds of organic compounds |
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Carbs for Plants |
Serve as building material for much of the body plant. |
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Monosaccharides |
Monomers of Carbs and cannot be broken down into smaller sugars - Glucose - Fructose - Galactose - Ribose - Deoxyribose Main Fuel, especially GLUCOSE, for cellular work Linked together via Dehydration synthesis |
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Isomers |
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structure. --- Ex: Glucose and Fructose |
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Disaccharides |
Two Monosaccharides linked together via dehydration reaction - Most common: Sucrose: Glucose+Fructose - Maltose: Glucose+Glucose - Lactose: Glucose+Galactose |
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Polysaccharides |
"Complex Carbs" are long chains of sugar of monosaccharides
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Starch |
Made in Plants and stores energy |
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Glycogen |
Made in Animals and stores energy - Stored in liver and muscle cells |
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Cellulose |
Indigestible polysaccharides made in plants for structural support - Most abundant organic compound on Earth |
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Lipids |
They are Hydrophobic and they do not mix with water. They are a diverse group of molecules made from different "building blocks" |
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Fat |
Consists of a glycerol molecule joined with three fatty acid molecules via dehydration reactions |
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Triglycerides |
Energy storage molecules They are fats and oils and composed if glycerol and 3 fatty acids Stored in adipose tissue Energy storage molecules
Part of Lipids
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Fatty Acids |
Saturated (in fats) Unsaturated (In oils) |
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Part of Lipid:
Phospholids |
Its structure: - Glyercol + two fatty acids and phosphate group - One end of molecule is water soluble (hydrophilic) - Other end of molecule is water insoluble Function: Primary component of cell membranes |
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Part of Lipid
Steroid |
All Steroids have carbon skeleton with four fused rings---Thats the structure Examples of steroids would cholesterol and hormones (estrogen and testosterone) |
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Protein |
-Polymer of amino acid monomers and are the most elaborate and diverse of all life's molecules. - They are long chains of subunits called amino acids |
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Amino Acids |
Joined by peptide bonds, which are produced by dehydration synthesis reactions. -20 different types -Amino end, Carboxyl end, R Group |
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Primary Structure of Protein |
Amino Acid Sequence and stabilized by peptide bonds |
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Peptide Bonds |
Bonds between adjacent amino acids |
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Secondary Structure of Protein |
-Alpha Helix -Beta pleated sheets -Stabilized by hydrogen bonds |
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Tertiary structure |
-3D dimensional shape -Stabilized by disultide and hydrogen bonds -Creates polar and nonpolar areas in molecule |
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Quatemary Structure |
Two or more polypeptide chains are associated |
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Denaturation |
This is the permanent disruption of protein structure and can be damaged by temperature or changes in pH - Leads to loss of biological function |
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Enzymes |
Are Proteins and its functions as biological catalysts. It speeds up chemical reactions and are not altered or consumed by the reaction. - Without enzymes, many biochemical reactions would not proceed quickly enough to sustain life |
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Functional Shape of Enzyme depends on |
Temperature, pH, ion concentration and presence of inihibitors. |
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Nucleic Acids |
Store genetic information and are long chains containing subunits known as nucleotides - There are two types:
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Nucleotide |
building blocks of nucleic acid. Each acid contains : - Five Carbon Sugar DNA nucleotides: Deoxyribose RNA Nucleotides: Ruibonucleic Acid - Nitrogen Base - Phosphate Group |
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DNA: Type of Nucleic Acid |
It is known as Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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Structure of DNA |
-It is double stranded and nucleotides contain: *Deoxyribose *Nitrogenous Bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine -Pairing: Adenine- Thymine Guanine- Cytosine
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RNA |
Ribonucleic Acid |
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Structure of RNA |
Single Stranded and Nucletoides contain - Ribose - Nitrogenous bases - Adenine - Guanine - Cytosine - Uracil |
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Nucleic Acid Function |
DNA: It instructions for making RNA RNA: Intructions for making proteins Proteins direct most of life's processes
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Formula for Nucleic Acid Function |
- DNA-->RNA-->Proteins |
