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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organic compunds |
Carbon based molecules. These usually contain hydrogen atoms also. |
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Isomers |
Compunds with the same formula (same atomic make-up) but different structural arrangement. |
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Hydrocarbons |
Molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen |
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What are the six important chemical groups? |
Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic, amino, phosphate, and methyl. |
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What is the importance of the first five groups (functional groups)? |
They affect a molecules function by participating in chemical reactions. These groups are polar. |
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Hydroxyl group |
Hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom. (-OH)
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Carbonyl group |
Carbon atom is linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom. (C=O) |
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Carboxyl group |
Consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group. |
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Amino group |
Nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens. (H2N) |
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Amino Acids |
The monomers of proteins. Contains an amino group, a carboxyl group, a Hydrogen, and an R group attached to a central carbon. |
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Phosphate group |
Consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms. |
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Methyl group |
Carbon bonded to 3 hydrogens. (CH3) |
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Polymers |
Chains of small molecules to make a macromolecule. |
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Dehydration synthesis |
Forming bonds by loss of water. |
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Hydrolysis |
The breaking of polymers by the addition of water molecules. |
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Fat |
A large lipid made from glycerol and fatty acids. |
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Unsaturated fatty acid |
A fatty acid whose hydrocarbon chain contains one or more double bonds. |
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Lipids |
A diverse group of molecules that are classified together because they do not mix well with water. (Not polar) |
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Saturated fatty acid |
A fatty acid that has no double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain, has the max number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom. |
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Trans fat |
Unsaturated fat converted to saturated fat by adding hydrogen. |
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Polysaccharides |
Hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides linked by dehydration synthesis. |
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Starch |
A plant storage polysaccharide. Consists of long chains of glucose monomers. |
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Glycogen |
How animals store energy. A polysaccharide. |
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Cellulose |
Plant structural wall. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose. Cellulose molecules are joined by hydrogen bonds. |
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Chitin |
A structural polysaccharide used by insects and crustaceans to build their exoskeleton. Chitin is also found in the cell walls of fungi. |
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Phospholipids |
Phospholipids are structurally similar to fats, except that they contain only 2 fatty acids attached to glycerol instead of 3. |
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Steroids |
Lipids in which the carbon skeleton contains 4 fused rings. |
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Cholesterol |
A common component in animal cell membranes and is also the precursor for making other steroids, including sex hormones. |
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Overall function of carbs? |
Cellular energy |
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Bond between sugars |
Glycocidic bonds |
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Disaccahrides |
Two bonded sugar monomers. (Sucrose, Maltose, lactose) |
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Monosaccahrides |
Single sugars. (Glucose, Fructose, Galactose) |
