Surgery - Signs, Triads, Etc.

Front 1

ABCDs of melanoma

Back 1

Asymmetric
Borders irregular
color variation
Diameter >0.6;
Dark color

Front 2

Allen's test

Back 2

for patency of ulnar artery before placing a radial arterial line or doing an ABG

Front 3

Ballance's sign

Back 3

constant dullness to percussion in left flank/LUQ and resonance on the right

splenic rupture/hematoma

Front 4

Barrett's esophagus

Back 4

columnar metaplasia of distal esophagus

Front 5

Battle's sign

Back 5

ecchymosis ofer mastoid

basilar skull fracture

Front 6

Beck's triad

Back 6

1) JVD
2) decreased/muffled heart sounds
3) decreased BP

cardiac tamponade

(Beck a tampon)

Front 7

Bergman's triad

Back 7

1) mental status change
2) petechiae (in axilla/thorax especially)
3) dyspnea

fat emboli syndrome

(BergMAN was a fatMAN)

Front 8

blumer's shelf

Back 8

shelf that is palpable on rectal exam

metastatic disease to rectouterine pouch of Douglas OR rectvesical pouch

Front 9

Boas' sign

Back 9

right subscapular pain

cholelithiasis

Front 10

Borchardt's triad

Back 10

1) emesis followed by no emesis
2) epigastric distention
3) failure to pass an NgT

gastric volvulus

(Borchardt is hard to belch)

Front 11

Carcinoid triad

Back 11

Flushing
Diarrhea
R sided HF

Front 12

Charcot's triad

Back 12

fever/chills
jaundice
RUQ pain

cholangitis

Front 13

Chvostek's sign

Back 13

twitching of facial muscles upon tapping hte facial nerve

hypocalcemia

(CHvostek's CHeek)

Front 14

Courvoisier's law

Back 14

enlarged nontender gallbladder
plus
CBD obstruction
likely
pancreatic cancer

Front 15

Cullen's sign

Back 15

bluish discoloation of periumbilical area

due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage tracking around to anterior abdominal wall through fascial planes

acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

(panCULLatitis)

Front 16

Cushing's triad

Back 16

HTN
Bradycardia
Irregular respirations

Increased ICP

Front 17

Dance's sign

Back 17

empty RLQ in children

ileocecal intususception

Front 18

Fothergill's sign

Back 18

if mass is felt while there is tension on musculature, then it's in the wall

if not, it's intra-abdominal

Front 19

Fox's sign

Back 19

ecchymosis of inguinal ligament

seen with retroperitoneal bleeding

Front 20

Goodsall's rule

Back 20

anal fistulae course in a straight path anteriorly and a curved path posteriorly

(dog with straight nose, curved tail)

Front 21

Grey Turner's sign

Back 21

ecchymosis or discoloration of flank in patients with retroperitoneal hemorrhage

Front 22

Hamman's sign/crunch

Back 22

crunching sound on auscultations of heart

results from emphysematous mediastinum

Boerhaave's syndrome
pneumomediastinum

Front 23

Homan's sign

Back 23

Calf pain on forced dirsiflexion of foot

DVT

Front 24

Howship-Romberg sign

Back 24

pain along inner aspect of thigh

obturator hernia as a result of nerve compression

Front 25

Kehr's sign

Back 25

severe left shoulder pain

splenic rupture

Front 26

Kelly's sign

Back 26

visible peristalsis of ureter in response to squeezing or retraction

used to identify the ureter during surgery

(Kelly finds the ureter in the Belly)

Front 27

Krukenberg tumor

Back 27

from stomach to ovary

Front 28

Laplace's law

Back 28

Wall tension = pressure x radius

so colon perforates preferentially at cecum (increased radius, increased tension)

Front 29

McBurney's point

Back 29

one third distance from anterior iliac spine to umbilicus

Front 30

McBurney's sign

Back 30

appendicitis

Front 31

Meckel's diverticulum rule of 2s

Back 31

2 percent have
2 of those are symptomatic
occur within 2 feet of ileocecal valve

Front 32

Murphy's sign

Back 32

cessation of inspiration while palpating under right costal margin

acute cholecystitis

Front 33

obturator sign

Back 33

pain upon internal rotation of leg with him and knee flexed

appendicitis/pelvic abscess

Front 34

Pheochromocytoma symptoms triad

Back 34

(PHEo...)
Palpitations
Headache
Episodic diaphoresis

Front 35

Pheochromocytoma rule of 10s

Back 35

10% bilateral
10% malignant
10% in children
10% extra-adrenal
10% have multiple tumors

Front 36

Psoas sign

Back 36

pain from extending hip with knee in full extension

appendicitis
psoas inflammation

Front 37

Raccoon eyes

Back 37

bilateral black eyes

basilar skull fracture
(also Battle's sign on the mastoid)

Front 38

Reynold's pentad

Back 38

- fever
- jaundice
- RUQ pain
- mental status change
- shock/sepsis

suppurative cholangitis (Charcot's plus more)

Front 39

Rovsing's sign

Back 39

palpation of LLQ gives pain in RLQ

appendicitis

Front 40

Saint's triad

Back 40

cholelithiasis
hiatal hernia
diverticular diseases

Front 41

silk glove sign

Back 41

indirect hernia sac in PEDIATRIC PATIENT feels like a finger of a silk glove when rolled under the examining finger

(it's gloved, so you feel it INdirectly)

Front 42

Sister Mary Joseph's sign/node

Back 42

metastatic tumor to umbilial lymph nodes

Front 43

Virchow's node

Back 43

mets to left supraclavicular node (esp gastric cancer)

Front 44

Virchow's triad

Back 44

- stasis
- abnormal endothelium
- hypercoagulability

thrombosis

(Virchow HAS thrombosis)

Front 45

Trousseau's sign

Back 45

carpal spasm after occlusion of blood to forearm with a BP cuff

hypocalcemia

Front 46

Valentino's sign

Back 46

RLQ pain from succus/pus draining into RLQ

perforated peptic ulcer

Front 47

Westermark's sign

Back 47

decreased pulmonary vascular markings on CXR

pulmonary embolus

Front 48

Whipple's triad

Back 48

- hypoglycemia (,50)
- CNS and vasomotor symtpoms such as syncope, diaphoresis
- relief on administration of glucose

insulinoma