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Stem Cell
Cell that can be induced to give rise to differentiated cells
Embryonic Stem Cells
-Found in early embryonic development
-Can differentiate into a variety of types
-Totiponent + Pluriponent
-Depends on time of development
Adult Stem Cells
-Found in more developed individuals
-Can give rise to many, but not all stem cells
-Multiponent
-Type depends on location
Totiponent
Can differentiate into any other cell type
Turned on embryonic
Pluriponent
Can differenciate into almost any other cell type
Turned off embryonic
Multiponent
Can become a few types of cells within a particular family of cells
Adult
Induced pluriponent stem cells (IPS cells)
Adult somatic cells that are "reprogrammed" to become pluriponent cells
Don't destroy embryo or possible life
Reproductive Cloning
-Implant embryo in surrogate mother for development
-New animal genetically identical to nuclear donor
FOR CLONING PURPOSES
Therapeutic Cloning
-Remove embryonic stem cells + grow in culture for medical treatment
-Induce skin cells to differentiate
FOR MEDICAL/HEALTH PURPOSES
Tetracycline Resistance Gene
Used to see what genes have certain DNA and which don't - used along with antibiotic - resistant to antibiotic - kills all without
Therapeutic cloning process
Nuclear transportation > make embryo > take stem cells out
Nuclear Transplantation
Replacing the nucleus of an egg cell or zygote with a nucleus from an adult somatic cell