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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 types of Political culture?
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1. Moralistic
2. Individualistic 3. Traditionalistic |
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A set of beliefs that prevails within a state over an extended period of time (a shared set of norms & values)
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Political culture
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What are Elazar's classifications on the 3 types of political culture? (Moralistic, Individualistic, Traditionalistic)
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Moralistic="Minnesota liberals"
Individualistic="Every man for himself" Traditionalistic="Texas conservatives" |
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- Positive view on public service; gov't act to promote public interest & policy innovation
-HIGH impact on spending -HIGH interparty competition -HIGH voter turnout -Active citizens |
Moralistic political culture
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-Gov't is utilitarian (service provider)
-Businesslike (^ corruption) -"Everyman for himself" -MODERATE gov't spending -MODERATE party competition -MODERATE voter turnout (leave politics to professionals) -HIGH corruption |
Individualistic political culture
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-Fundamentally conservative
-Purpose: maintain status quo--gov't = positive role - Hierarchy of power & strong beliefs -LOW gov't spending -LOW political participation -LOW levels of innovation -WEAK party competition |
Traditionalistic political culture
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The role of political parties has ___ in recent decades?
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declined
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The 2 major political parties play larger roles at the ____ level?
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State level than the national level
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For Democrats, what are the trusts on broad categories of issues? (6)
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1. Main problems
2. Immigration 3. Education 4. Rx Drugs 5. Medicare 6.Health Ins |
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For Republicans, what is the trust on broad categories of issues? (5 issues)
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1. Main problems
2. Immigration 3. Education 4. War on Terror 5. Iraq |
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What does the Ranney Index measure & what does it show us?
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-Measures interparty competition that calculates a # of factors that measure the degree of competition in each state.
-Shows us: % of seats won by each party in house & senate, how long either party controlled gov't, & the proportion of time those offices have been divided between the 2 parties |
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What gives states the authority to determine the "times, places, and manner of holding elections?"
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U.S. Constitution
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The Secretary of State does what 3 things?
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1. Sets dates
2. Qualifies candidates 3. Prints & counts ballots |
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What are the state ballot access rules? (6)
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1. Registration deadlines
2. Voter ID requirement 3. Absentee & early voting 4. Vote by mail (OR) 5. Voting equipment 6. Disenfranchisement & restoration of voting rights |
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4 Types of Primary Elections
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1. Closed - Must be registered party member
2. Open - Independents & members of other party or All voters 3. Blanket - Mix & Match parties (invalidated in 2000 cept for LA=no partisan) 4.Runoff - No majority, top 2 candidates in runoff |
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Party leaders prefer what to what because they discourage crossover & strategic voting.
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Prefer closed to open
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Organizations that choose, support, and nominate candidates for elected offices.
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Political party
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How do interest groups differ from political parties?
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-Don't run candidates for office under their own labels
-Do MORE than organize political process -Support candidates for office & lobby existing officeholders -Provide financial & personal resources to candidates |
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How has interest group behavior changed over time?
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-# has increased
-Rise of candidate-centered politics has increased political access of interest groups & lobbyists -Lobbying has become highly professionalized |
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What are the characteristics of professionalized state legislatures? What's the impact of professionalization?
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Full-time professionalized legislatures have higher salaries & more staff, increased institue complexity, increased visibility
Effects: more effective @ drafting legislation, more resources for members, greater ability to monitor range of issues |
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What happens to Third Parties in relation to state ballot access rules?
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-They are more successful at the state & local levels
-Face # of institutional barriers -Major parties set ballot thresholds & registration requirements to discourage it |
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Trends in party competition within states. (3)
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-Increased mobility influences strength of pol culture
-Interest groups align w/ one party but seek influence through the party in power -States = competitive Individual districs=not comp |
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What's the role of politics in defining legislative districts?
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In charge of redrawing leg districts according to shifts in population
- Apportionment :alloting districts -Redistricting: drawing new boundaries -Both based on census data |
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What are the consequences of political influence on defining leg. districts?
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-Gerrymandering (odd shapes)
-Malapportionment (violates "one person, one vote") -Majority-Minority Districts (Increased election of more Af Am but changed compostition of other districts) |
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Political culture reflects this, or regional patterns.
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sectionalism
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What are the 4 ballot types?
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1. Office group(MA)- office sought, name & party
2. Party column(IA)- columns by party 3. Straight ticket -voting for all R or all D candidates 4. Australian ballot (secret) |
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% of eligible citizens who register to and do vote
(competitive elections drive up rates of this) |
voter turnout
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He wrote "American Federalism: A View from the States" - a classification of states, arguing that politics in each state were shaped by sectionalism, migration patterns, & political culture
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Daniel Elazar
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where each district's boundaries are redrawn following the census - makes seats less competitive
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redistricting
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3 Dimensions of a Party
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1. Party in the Electorate
2. in the Gov't 3. Organization |
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People who are not consistently loyal to candidates of any one party
-true independents -focused upon by nat'l level |
Swing Voter
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Groups that struggle to control message w/n a party
-focused upon by state level b/c voters are more ideological, resulting in larger # of these |
Factional Splits
-Democrats evolved from these |
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Politics where candidates promote themselves & own campaigns rather than relying on party orgs
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Candidate-centered politics
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When a voter identifies strongly with one of the parties and can be considered D or R
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Voter ID
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Parties present clear choices to voters and parties are held accountable for such choices
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Responsible Party Model
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Political orgs controlled by small # of people and run for selfish or partisan ends.
**Control of public sector jobs, contracts, & party activity** |
Party machines
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Ability of elected officials/leaders to hand out jobs to their supporters rather than hiring based on merit
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Patronage
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A reform of nominating convention - shifts control of nomination process from party leaders to indiviual voters
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Primary Elections
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4 Types of Primary Elections
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1. Closed - must be registered party member
2. Open - Independents & members of other party or all voters 3. Blanket - Mix & Match parties 4. Runoff - no majority, top 2 candidates |
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Groups formed for the purpose of raising money to elect/defeat political candidates
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Political Action Committees (PACs)
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Campaign finance that was banned in federal elections in 2002.
-Not subject to fed regulation that can be raised and spent by state parties |
Soft $$
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Ad campaigns or other activities that are run by a party or an outside group w/o direct knowledge of a particular candidate for office
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Independent Expenditure
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What are the trends in voter identification with the major political parties and 3rd parties?
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-Attempt to appeal to as much of the electorate as possible
-"blur" their positions to discourage opponents -has increased the role of interest groups -parties weaken=candidates act as free agents |
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3 Types of Interest Groups
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1. Membership
-Sierra Club, Am Cancer Society 2.Trade Ass. -Trial Lawyers Ass 3. Individual Institutions -MCI WorldCom, Big Tobacco |
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A rise of candidate-centered politics has increased the political access of ___ and ___ in the nomination process.?
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Interest groups and lobbyists
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Trying to persuade legislators or other policy makers to take a position favorable to one's own
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Lobbying
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Assembling of an alliance of groups to pursue a common goal.
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Coalition building
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Practice where a legislator will give a colleague a vote on a particular bill in return for that colleague's vote on another bill to be considered later
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Logrolling
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___ and ___ are longterm tactics to pass legislation.
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Coalition building and logrolling
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Debates that under Senate rules drag on, blocking final action on the bill under consideration & preventing other bills from being debated
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Filibusters
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Amendments to a bill that are not central to its intent
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Riders
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These are short-term tactics to prevent the passage of a particular piece of legislation
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Filibusters and Riders
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The most important function for legislators to enhance the probability of reelection by helping those in their voting districts
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Constituent Services
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Requests for help from constituents
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casework
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Legislature insures proper implementation of its laws
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Oversight
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A closed meeting of members of a political party
(Legislatures have leadership structures determined by this) |
Caucus
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Legislatures who vote by following the wishes of constituents
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Delegates
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Legislators who exercise individual judgement on issues
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Trustees
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