Spring Semester Test Review

Front 1

What are the characteristics of an animal in a tundra biome?

Back 1

Thick fur, excess fat layer (to protect against the cold)

Usually light on color in the winter and darker in the summer (to blend in with the environment). There are no reptiles or amphibians.

Front 2

Affects a hurricane would have on an environment:

Back 2

Hurricane will cause saltwater to invade freshwater areas and could kill plants and fish. They will also remove large chunks of land through erosion and damage wildlife habitats. The removed sediment will get deposited in other locations damaging the wildlife habitats as well.

Front 3

What affects would flooding has on an environment?

Back 3

Could uproot plants and displace (force them to move) animals. Without the plants, the ecosystem will have a hard time supporting any other type of life.

Front 4

Primary succession (3 facts)

Back 4

Occurs on bare rock, takes 100-1000's of years to reach a climax community (such as hardwood forest or a desert) , Pioneer Species is lichens

Front 5

Ecological succession

Back 5

Is orderly changes an ecosystem goes through as it grows and develops

Front 6

What type of role does ecological succession play in a forming ecosystem?

Back 6

The environment begins to form a stable ecosystem. Sometimes small micro habitats can form along the way. A micro habitat is a habitat within another habitat that has unique properties where new variations of life can exist and thrive.

Front 7

Biodiversity

Back 7

The diversity of plant and animal life in a paricular habitat

Hint 7

How many different kinds....not how much of each type

Front 8

Importance of having a high level of biodiversity:

Back 8

A larger number of plants and animals means a greater variety of life.grrater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms. More stable with higher biodiversity.

Front 9

Watershed:

Back 9

An area of land that water flows across as it moves towards a larger water body and one in which water drains to a particular water body.

Front 10

How can human activity affect a watershed?

Back 10

Can increase leaching of pollution into ground water and drinking water from reservoirs. Farming can increase polluted runoff from all their herbicides and pesticides. Buildings and roads cover the soil which decrease infiltration and increases runoff. Landfills can increase pollution of groundwater through leaching.

Front 11

Point source pollution:

Back 11

Sources of water pollution which can be traced to a specific place or location.

Hint 11

Generally a human cause pollution like leaking septic tank or leaking factory pipes

Front 12

How could building a new town greatly affect a watershed?

Back 12

Soil will disappear as roads and buildings are built which will reduce infiltration and will increase flooding. Cities also are a source of multiple types of pollution that will probably end up in watersheds through runoff.

Front 13

Mechanical weathering:

Back 13

The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces.

Hint 13

Physical

Front 14

6 agents of mechanical weathering

Back 14

Ice wedging, wind, water,gravity (abrasion), plants and animal activity

Front 15

Chemical weathering

Back 15

Breakdown of rocks and minerals into new substances.

Front 16

3 agents of chemical weathering

Back 16

Water, weak acids (in living things, acid precipitation, acids in groundwater ) and air (O2)

Front 17

How are sand dunes formed?

Back 17

1.There has to be a strong winds that can move sand (erosion)

2.There needs to be a supply of sand to be moved around

3.Winds has to slow down (stop) and deposit the sand in the same place over time.

Front 18

The farming practice of contour plowing that farmers use to help prevent soil erosion on their farmland?

Back 18

Contour planting is used on hills.farmers plant crops across the rows to reduce soil erosion that occurs as rain flows down the hill.the rows act as mini-dams, slowing the water down and thus creating less erosion from water.

Front 19

How could the removal of of vegetation (trees) affect an ecosystem?

Back 19

More erosion will occur because there will be little tree and ground cover present. The roots of plants help hold soil in place which reduces runoff.

Front 20

How is the body organized from simplest to most complex?

Back 20

Cell 》tissue 》organ 》organ system 》organism

Front 21

Epidermis

Back 21

Protects underlying tissues from drying out, protects from infection, protect from sunburn, keeps water in body, keeps harmful chemicals out of the body.

Front 22

Dermis

Back 22

Contains never endings (for feelings), contains sweat glands (to regulate body) temperature and excrete wastes ), contains sebaceous (oil) glands (to help waterproof the skin)

Front 23

2 body systems that work together to experience touch

Back 23

Nervous and Integumentary systems

Front 24

Largest organ on human body

Back 24

Skin

Front 25

What are theunctions of the skeletal system?

Back 25

A collection of organs whose primary function is to support and protect the body. It is necessary for protection, storage, movement and blood cell information.

Front 26

Where is the sliding (gliding) joint located?

Back 26

Wrist and ankle

Hint 26

One of the 4 main joints

Front 27

Where is the ball-and-socket joint located?

Back 27

Hip and shoulder

Hint 27

One of the 4 main joints

Front 28

Where is the hinge joint located?

Back 28

Knee and elbow

Hint 28

One of the 4 main joints

Front 29

Where is the pivotal joint located?

Back 29

Vertebrae

Hint 29

One of the 4 main joints

Front 30

What are the functions of the muscular system ?

Back 30

A collection of organs whose primary function is movement; the muscles and the connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones.

Front 31

Where is smooth muscle found, what is it?

Back 31

Found in the digestive tract an in the walls of blood vessels.

Front 32

Where is cardiac muscle found, what is it?

Back 32

The muscle of the heart

Front 33

Where is the skeletal muscle found, what is it?

Back 33

Muscles that attach to your bones-like biceps, triceps, quads and hamstrings.

Front 34

What type of muscle tissue would be considered voluntary?

Back 34

Only skeletal

Front 35

RBC's

Back 35

Carries O2 around to the body cells

Front 36

WBC's

Back 36

Fight pathogens

Front 37

Plasma

Back 37

The fluid part of the blood

Front 38

Platelets

Back 38

Clots the blood

Front 39

What Is The Main Function. Of the cardiovascular system?

Back 39

It is a collection of organs that transport blood to and from your body's cells. In addition, it carries gases, nutrients, hormones and cellular wastes around the body

Front 40

What would be the in body systems involved in movement?

Back 40

Your skeletal and muscular systems- the bones provide shape, structure and a point for muscle attachment and the muscles provide the move of the bones.

Front 41

The cardiovascular system

Back 41

Depends on the respiratory system to supply the blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide waste products from the body.

Front 42

The respiratory system

Back 42

Depends on the cardiovascular system to give the parts of its system with oxygen and nutrients and take away waste products.

Front 43

Main Function of the respiratory system

Back 43

It's a collection of organs that exchange gases between living cells and their environment.

Front 44

How is air inhaled?

Back 44

The diaphragm contracts and moves down

Front 45

What do gills do for fish and how does that relate to the human body ? How do they get oxygen?

Back 45

Gills remove oxygen from the water for a fish to breathe. It is xomparitive to the lungs (alveoli) in the human respiratory system.

Front 46

What 2 body systems are involved in bringing in oxygen and transporting it around the body?

Back 46

Respiratory and cardiovascular systems

Front 47

Digestive system

Back 47

A group of organs that work together to break down food into the nutrients so that it can be used by the body. It doesn't make energy ....it breaks down nutrients.

Front 48

Macromolecules

Back 48

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic acids

Front 49

Chemical digestion

Back 49

Large molecules are broken down into nutrients (changes what it is by the use of enzymes)

Front 50

Define:

Peristalsis

Back 50

Rhythmic muscle contractions that move through the digestive tract

Front 51

Define:

Chyme

Back 51

The soupy mixture of food and enzymes in the stomach

Front 52

What organs are a part of your digestive tract and what organs are considered accessory organs to the digestive system?

Back 52

Digestive tract: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

Accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Hint 52

MESSL-RA

Front 53

Functions of the urinary system:

Back 53

The excretion systems function is to remove waste products from the body and to maintaining the body and composition of most body fluids.

Front 54

How does the Integumentary system excrete waste material?

Back 54

Sweat through your skin

Front 55

How dows the respiratory system excrete waste material?

Back 55

Release CO2 through your lungs

Front 56

How does the urinary system excrete waste material?

Back 56

Urine filtered from your blood in your kidneys

Front 57

The cerebral is the largest part of the brain. What are some functions that it controls?

Back 57

It controls voluntary movements and allows you to detect touch, light, sound, odors, taste pain heat and cold.

Front 58

What body systems would be in coles in you pulling your arm away from a heated stove?

Back 58

Integumentary

Nervous

Muscular