Sports Psych Test 2

Front 1

Who says media portrays and promotes violence

Back 1

Jennings and Bryant

Front 2

True or False Correlation between media violence and public violence

Back 2

true

Front 3

Correlation between third grade and aggression displayed in the intervening _____years was ____

Back 3

22, .46

Front 4

Pro-social third graders were more likely to be pro-social adults

Back 4

true

Front 5

Aggression:

Back 5

The infliction of an aversive stimulus on an unwilling victim with the intent to do harm

Front 6

Instrumental Aggression:

Back 6

The infliction of an aversive stimulus not to cause harm or pain but to promote a winning effort

Front 7

Displaced Aggression (Indirect aggression):

Back 7

Aggression at a source other than the one who created it

Front 8

Hostile Aggression:

Back 8

The infliction of an aversive stimulus in order to cause harm or pain

Front 9

Sport Assertiveness:

Back 9

Assertive behavior not intended to cause harm or harm or pain and characterized by the use of legitimate force and unusual effort and energy expenditure and by observance of the formal rules of the game

Front 10

Three Salient features of aggression from the longitudinal study:

Back 10

1) the less nurturant and accepting the parents were, the higher levels of aggression displayed 2) the more a child was punished for aggressive behavior the more aggressive they were at school 3) The less a child identified with parents, the higher was the aggression higher

Front 11

Sport Violence:

Back 11

Uncontrolled hostile aggression that is unrelated to the competitive goals of sport and ignores the rules of the game

Front 12

Biological Theories of Aggression:

Back 12

1) XXY chromosome 2) role of various neurological structures: hypothalamus, limbic system, temporal lobe 3) Interaction of certain hormonal agents and learned or cognitive factors produce aggressive acts

Front 13

Catharsis hypothesis:

Back 13

The theory that the expression of aggressive tendencies prevents the buildup of harmful levels of aggression

Front 14

Frustration-Aggression hypothesis:

Back 14

The theory that frustration-the blocking of motivated behavior-always precedes aggression

Front 15

Social Learning Theory:

Back 15

The theory that the expression of aggression reinforces (rather than alleviates tendencies toward aggression

Front 16

Contagion Theory:

Back 16

A theory of fan violence, emphasizing “milling” whereby tension and excitation create an atmosphere of psychological contagion

Front 17

Convergence theory:

Back 17

A theory of fan violence emphasizing the coming together of divergent groups as a result of the fevered pitch of a sporting event

Front 18

Emergent norm theory:

Back 18

A theory of fan behavior emphasizing the development of normative expectancies over extended periods of time

Front 19

Value-added theory:

Back 19

A complex theory of fan behavior drawing on other models that emphasizes six steps leading to violence (Structural conduciveness, Structural strain, dissonance reduction, a specific predicator of violence, mobilization for action, breakdown in the physical and/or psychological mechanism)

Front 20

Linear Curve debate:

Back 20

The debate of whether temperature –aggression relationship is linear

Front 21

Vicarious reinforcement:

Back 21

Reinforcement that results from observing other individuals being rewarded for performing specific behavior

Front 22

Vicarious Punishment:

Back 22

Imagined punishment that would result from some behavior for which other individuals have been punished

Front 23

Deindividuation:

Back 23

the loss of a sense of individuality, with an increase in willingness to conform to norms

Front 24

____ deaths in boxing or six per year since 1945

Back 24

350

Front 25

Direct Injury:

Back 25

An injury related directly to the execution of a sports skill

Front 26

Indirect Injury:

Back 26

A systemic problem contributing indirectly to an injury; pre-existing heart condition

Front 27

Three reasons for improved safety in football:

Back 27

Better headgear, better tackling technique, better treatment

Front 28

30 fights in ten years, ___ brain damage

Back 28

75%

Front 29

NFL predicts___ injury rate

Back 29

100%

Front 30

Smiths violence typology:

Back 30

A typology that distinguishes among four types of violence: body contact, borderline, quasi-criminal violence and criminal violence

Front 31

research not driven by theory, ____

Back 31

“shotgun”

Front 32

Typology of violent men:

Back 32

A typology that identifies types of aggressors found in sports: self-image promoters, self-image defenders, rep defenders, self indulgers and bully-sadists

Front 33

____ games won and number of penalties in early hockey match

Back 33

.48%

Front 34

-Psychological Core:

Back 34

A person’s basic personality, composed of core traits, stable and unchanging over time, by which we know ourselves and are known by others

Front 35

Why test?

Back 35

Selection and program selecting

Front 36

Peripheral states:

Back 36

Aspects of a person’s basic personality that are constantly in flux

Front 37

Personality:

Back 37

Dynamic interaction between core traits and peripheral states that complete personality

Front 38

Typical Responses:

Back 38

Predictable behaviors in response to daily events that are slightly less entrenched than core traits

Front 39

Passer and Smith definition of Personality:

Back 39

the distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a person’s responses to life situations

Front 40

Constitutional theory:

Back 40

Sheldon’s theory of somatotypes, or basic body types, that predict personality

Front 41

Psychobiological theory:

Back 41

Dishman’s theory that biological variables to produce an index of exercise compliance

Front 42

Psychoanalytic theory:

Back 42

Freud’s theory that human behavior is basically unregulated and self destructive

Front 43

Intrapsychic model:

Back 43

Freud’s separation of the personality into three components-id, ego and super ego that constantly compete

Front 44

Humanism:

Back 44

Belief that human nature is basically good and based on free choice rather than the domination of the instincts

Front 45

Behaviorism:

Back 45

Human nature is neither good nor bad but the result of genetic endowment interacting with learned experience (John B. Watson)

Front 46

Self-Actualization:

Back 46

Maslow

Front 47

Interactional Model:

Back 47

Human behavior is the product of the interaction between the person and the environment (Kurt Lewin)

Front 48

Trait theory:

Back 48

Personality is composed of enduring traits or predispositions that respond in similar ways across a variety of situations

Front 49

Failure to Operationalize:

Back 49

A tendency in sport psychology research to omit the proper definition of terms, leading to flawed results

Front 50

One Shot research methods:

Back 50

Collecting data from a study population on a one-time basis as opposed to an extended time period

Front 51

-Validity:

Back 51

The degree to which a test measures what it is created to measure

Front 52

-Reliability:

Back 52

yields consistent results

Front 53

-Norms:

Back 53

Detailed summaries of characteristics of individuals in the test sample

Front 54

-Faking good/faking bad:

Back 54

When subjects of a psychological assessment test manipulate their responses either for self-enhancement or self-denigration, skewing test results

Front 55

Conservative response style:

Back 55

The tendency to respond to tests with a conservative and middle-of-the road style

Front 56

Predictive validity:

Back 56

comparing one set of test scores with a set of criterion scores at a later juncture

Front 57

Face Validity:

Back 57

Does the test look valid to its evaluators and subjects

Front 58

Face validity with athletes most important

Back 58

true

Front 59

-Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF):

Back 59

warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractiveness, privateness, apprehension, openness to change, self-reliance, perfectionism and tension

Front 60

8 clinical scales resulting from the original research:

Back 60

Hypochondriasis: Patients with exaggerated concerns about their physical health, Depression: unhappy, pessimistic, Hysteria: converting psychological stress into physical symptomatology, Psychopathic deviate: Patients with histories of anti social behavior, Paranoia: Suspicious persecuted patients, Pyschasthenia: Anxious, obsessive-compulsive, guilt ridden patients, Schizophrenia, Hypomania: displays mood elevation, excessive activity

Front 61

Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI):

Back 61

Standardized measure of two enduring personality dimensions, extraversion and neuroticism

Front 62

Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS):

Back 62

A sport-specific standardize test composed of six subscales measuring concentration, anxiety management and other factors

Front 63

Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style:

Back 63

A standardize measure that assess the relation of athletic performance to Attentional and interpersonal variables

Front 64

Iceberg Profile:

Back 64

A configuration of scores derived from the profile of mood states and applied to sports research to distinguish successful from less successful athletes in terms of transient personality states

Front 65

-Profile of Mood States (POMS):

Back 65

A psychometric instrument that measures six temporary aspects of mood

Front 66

Test Performance Strategies (TOPS):

Back 66

The most recent sport-specific standardized test with eight scales based on a study of Australian Athletes

Front 67

Measured Attitudes:

Back 67

Standardize test that measure athletes at three levels during competition: cognitive, affective and behavioral

Front 68

Likert Scale:

Back 68

Attitude assessment procedure in which subjects are asked to respond to preselcted items along a continuum

Front 69

Semantic Differential Scale:

Back 69

A technique for attitude assessment using a series of bipolar adjectives

Front 70

Thurstone scale:

Back 70

A technique for assessing attitudes in which the ratings of judges are critical in scale construction

Front 71

-Dominican Republic accounts for ___ of the players on Major league roster and at the minor league it is _____

Back 71

12%, 49%

Front 72

-After civil war most popular sports for blacks:

Back 72

Horse racing, baseball, boxing

Front 73

Native American athletes and their sport

Back 73

Jim Thorpe (track, football, baseball) Tom Longboat (Marathon)

Front 74

Sport opportunity structure:

Back 74

A form of discrimination where minorities are denied access to the opportunities for success in athletics

Front 75

Stacking:

Back 75

Peripheral positioning of minority players in sports such as football and baseball

Front 76

Self-paced activities:

Back 76

Examples bowling, pitching, golf

Front 77

Reactive Tasks:

Back 77

Sport activities such as hitting a baseball or boxing, when the player reacts to another players initiated task

Front 78

High Risk Sport:

Back 78

Sports such as skydiving, hang gliding where injury and death play a prominent role.

Front 79

most dangerous sports

Back 79

Hang gliding and parachuting

Front 80

In sky diving deaths occur every_____

Back 80

1/65,000

Front 81

Correlation between experience and death in hang gliding

Back 81

true

Front 82

Sensation seeking:

Back 82

A channel by which the human organism seeks to reduce tension via “optimal stimulation

Front 83

___ child most likely to engage in high risk activities

Back 83

Middle

Front 84

Sensation Seeking Scale:

Back 84

Zuckerman’s standardized test that measures four sub dimensions of sensation seeking: thrill and adventure, experience, disinhibition, boredom susceptibility.

Front 85

Scuba Diving, ___ causes most death

Back 85

panic

Front 86

Erickson and ____

Back 86

the elite athlete

Front 87

Birth Order effects:

Back 87

In high risk sport, the relationship of birth order to a individuals inclination to engage in dangerous sports

Front 88

Krolls Personality Performance Pyramid:

Back 88

Figure that shows relationship of performance and personality, heterogeneity among athletes at entry level and homogeneity at the elite level

Front 89

Deliberate Practice:

Back 89

The cornerstone of K. Andrews Ericsson’s theory of exceptional performance, emphasizing the role of hard work over superior or innate ablility

Front 90

National Disabled Sports Organization (DSOs):

Back 90

Seven sports orginizations designed to sponsor athletic events for athletes with varying disabilities

Front 91

-International Paralympic Committee (IPC):

Back 91

The international organization that spearheads efforts for athletes with disabilities; responsible for paralympic games every four years

Front 92

-Unified Sports:

Back 92

Sports in which nondisabled athletes (partners) participate in sport with higher level Special Olympics competitors

Front 93

Anderson and Williams theory:

Back 93

A comprehensive model of reaction to sports injury based on interaction of personality

Front 94

-Affective cycle theory:

Back 94

Heil and Fine’s theory that a sport injury produces three responses in athletes (denial, distress and determined coping

Front 95

-Cognitive Appraisal Theory:

Back 95

Brewer’s theory that the athlete’s response to injury us a function of the interaction between personality and situational factors in producing first an emotional and then a behavioral response

Front 96

Sports Inventory for Pain (SIP):

Back 96

A sport specific standardized test that attempts to measure athletes psychological responses to pain

Front 97

Special Olympic Oath

Back 97

“Let me win. But if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt”

Front 98

____ people from ____countries participate in Special Olympic every 2 years, first was in Chicago

Back 98

2 million, 150

Front 99

-Special Olympic athletes say reason why:

Back 99

they felt good at it, winning ribbons, exercising and socializing with others and fun

Front 100

_____ of athletes experiencing high life stress were injured more often

Back 100

50%

Front 101

Kubler-Ross Sport Injuries:

Back 101

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance and reorganization

Front 102

Range of ____ with regard to use of doping

Back 102

10%-90%

Front 103

Doping:

Back 103

The use of enhancement used illegally

Front 104

Faustian Philosophy:

Back 104

Win at all cost

Front 105

_____of people would take a pill to make them an elite athlete but would shorten their life

Back 105

14%

Front 106

____ went up as well as ____ rates in baseball steroid era

Back 106

Performance, injury

Front 107

WADA:

Back 107

World Anti-Doping Agency

Front 108

Ergogenic Aid:

Back 108

Substances, strategies, or treatments that ostensibly enhances sports performance

Front 109

Categories for illegal substances:

Back 109

Substance and methods prohibited at all times, Substances and Methods Prohibited in competition, Substances prohibited in particular sports

Front 110

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS):

Back 110

Laboratory-derived synthetic analogue of testosterone

Front 111

Plateauing:

Back 111

staggering steroid use to prevent tolerance

Front 112

-Pyramiding:

Back 112

Using a steroid at low level, then gradually building to high then back to low

Front 113

Array:

Back 113

Multiple drugs used to mask steroid use

Front 114

Stacked:

Back 114

Multiple steroids at one time

Front 115

Cycle:

Back 115

6-12 weeks of steroid use

Front 116

____ began steroid use

Back 116

Soviets

Front 117

Androgenic Effects of AAS:

Back 117

Masculizing affects of using AAS

Front 118

-Anabolic Effects of AAS:

Back 118

Tissue building effects associated with steroid use

Front 119

-Erythropoietin (EPO):

Back 119

A naturally occurring substance produced by the kidneys that has become an abused training method in sports because of its oxygenation of muscles and its fatigue retardant qualities

Front 120

HGH most serious side effects ______

Back 120

Jacob’s Disease (Brain Deteriates)

Front 121

Diuretics:

Back 121

Any substance that will promote urination

Front 122

Masking Agent:

Back 122

Drugs such as epitestosterone, pronencied that mask the presence of illegal substances

Front 123

Autologous Blood Doping:

Back 123

transfusion with one’s own blood

Front 124

Homologous Blood Doping: -

Back 124

transfusion with someone else’s blood

Front 125

Creatine:

Back 125

An amino acid marketed as a nutritional supplement rather than a drug; thought to improve strength

Front 126

Beta-Blockers:

Back 126

Anti-anxiety drugs used to control tremors and heart rate