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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ancient sports had what characteristic?
page 6 |
Paralleled daily activities required for living.
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Modern sports massage begins in the early 1900's with the founding of what school?
page 7 |
Finnish School of Massage
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What is the nickname given to the individuals who made sports massage popular?
page 7 |
"Flying Finn"
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In what year did Lasse "Flyin Finn" Viren credit sports massage for his Olympic world records?
page 7 |
1972
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What are the 3 broad categories of athletes?
page 8 |
Professional Sports
Competitive Training Sports as Exercise |
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Describe the "Whole Athlete Model"
page 8 |
Massage must support the physical, mental, social and emotional goals of the athlete.
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Describe the "Professional Sports" athlete.
page 8 |
Individuals who are compensated for their sports performance.
Or people whose goal is to be compensated for their performance. |
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Describe the "Competitive Training" athlete.
page 8 |
Individiuals training for a specific competition, or series of competitions.
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Define Sports Massage
page 9 |
The application of a number of techniques to an athlete in a timely and systematic fashion in order to manipulate soft tissue to support function, peformance and the overall well-being of an athlete.
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List some of the general benefits of Sports Massage.
page 11 |
Repairs Micro-tears
Stimulates muscles Decreases scar tissue Positive reinforcement Decreases Tension |
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What is a cramp?
page 46 |
Sudden, painful involuntary contraction of a muscle.
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Name some of the differences between Sports Massage and Swedish Style massage.
page 12 |
Stimulating
More verbal communication Focused on specific areas Goal Oriented Clients generally clothed More stretching |
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What are GTO's and their function ?
page 15 |
Golgi Tendon Organs
Sensory nerve cells located among fibers of a tendon which stimulate the muscle to relax when tension is sensed. |
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What is the Inverse Stretch Reflex?
page 15 |
The autonomic relaxing of a muscle when the GTOs indicate their is too much tension.
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What are muscle spindle cells, and their function?
page 15 |
Sensory receptors located within the belly of a muscle.
Sense the speed at which muscle length changes. When length is too great, initiates Myotatic Stretch Reflex. |
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What is Myotatic Stretch Reflex ?
page 15 |
The autonomic contraction of a muscle caused by spindle cells sensing a muscle has lengthened too quickly.
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What are Joint Kinesthetic Receptors ?
page 15 |
Sensory nerves located within joint capsules. They are activated by changes in pressure and speed of joint movement.
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Name stretching cautions, or times when stretching is contrindicated.
page 16 |
1. When there is pain upon stretching.
2. Loss of integrity in the joint or tissues 3. Fractures present. 4. Accute inflammation, sprains, strains or infection 5. Edema or swelling 6. Decreased sensation in the area 7. Pregnancy |
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Name the types of "Active" stretching.
page 17 |
Static
Ballistic Dynamic |
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What type of stretching, active or passive, is performed by the therapist?
page 17 |
Passive
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What is static stretching?
page 17 |
Increasing the distance between origin and insertion until slight resistance is felt.
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What is Ballistic stretching?
page 17 |
A bouncing action that activate sprotective mechanisms in muscles causing the tissue to "ready itself" for explosive movements.
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What is Dynamic stretching?
page 17 |
Performance of the same event activity at a lower, or warm-up, level.
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What is Passive stretching?
page 17 |
Stretching performed by the therapist upon the athlete.
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What is Propriceptive Neuromuscular Facilitaiton ?
page 17 |
The client isometrically contracts target muscle(s) and then relaxes the target muscles as joint movement is initiated from the opposing muscle group.
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What are the six golden rules for effective stretching?
page 18 |
1. Warm up musculature prior to stretching
2. Direct the client to relax. 3. Support the limb and any joints when moving the body into stretch positions. 4. Begin stretching slowly as the client exhales. 5. Stretch just to the point where the client feels resistance. 6. Hold the stretch for 15-30 seconds. |
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Describe a Trapezius stretch
page 19 |
Client: Supine
Therapist: At client's head, cross arms underneath head to opposing shoulders and slowly raise client's head. |
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Describe a Levator scapulae stretch
page 20 |
Client: Supine and chin to shoulder
Therapist: At client's head. Cross arms. One to shoulder, one to head. Push head to opposing shoulder and push shoulder. |
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Describe a Scalenes stretch
page 21 |
Client: Supine and ear to shoulder
Therapist: At client's head. Cross arms. One to shoulder, one to head. Push head to opposing shoulder and push shoulder. |
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Describe a Pectoralis Major stretch
page 22 |
Client: Supine, edge of table and arm as though raised to take an oath.
Therapist: At clients side. Support elbow & wrist and hyper-extend shoulder downward |
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Describe a Pectoralis Major Costal Fibers stretch
page 23 |
Client: Supine, edge of table and arm as though raised to take an oath.
Therapist: At clients side. Support elbow & wrist. Move elbow more towards head of table, then hyper-extend shoulder downward |
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Describe a Pectoralis Major Clavicular Fibers stretch
page 23 |
Client: Supine, edge of table and arm as though raised to take an oath.
Therapist: At clients side. Support elbow & wrist. Move elbow more towards foot of table, then hyper-extend shoulder downward |
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Describe a Subscapularis stretch
page 24 |
Client: Supine, edge of table and arm as though raised to take an oath.
Therapist: At clients side. Support elbow & wrist. Rotate wrist downward |
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Describe a Deltoid stretch
page 25 |
Client: Supine
Therapist: At clients side. Place clients arm over their chest pushing towards the opposite shoulder |
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Describe a Latissimus Dorsi stretch
page 26 |
Client: Supine.
Therapist: At head of table. Therapist hook their arm under the clients elbow and hold wrist as the elbow is raised up and then towards the head of the table and then down. Continually pulling farther away from head of table. |
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Describe a Soleus stretch
page 27 |
Client: Prone.
Therapist: At side of table. Flex clients knee and support ankle. Then promote dorsal flexion of ankle. |
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Describe a Quadriceps Femoris stretch
page 28 |
Client: prone
Therapist at side of table. Flex clients knee. Support ankle and continue to flex knee towards glutes. Additionally therapist and place a soft fist into clients glutes. Additionally therapist can support clients knee joint and lift to encourage stretch. |
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Describe two Adductor stretches
page 30-31 |
Client: supine
Therapist: At side of table #1) Place leg into a figure 4 and slowly lower flexed knee towards floor. Therapist supports opposing hip and moving knee. #2 Therapist abducts hip, supporting knee at thigh and crus. Then slowly increases abduction. |
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Describe two gluteal muscle stretches
page 32-33 |
Client: supine
Therapist: At side of table #1) Flex knee and place that foot on other side of other leg. Therapist supports knee and client shoulder. Slowly push knee towards opposite side of body. #2) Lift and cross UNflexed leg from other side of table across to same side as therapist. Therapist support opposing shoulder and crossed knee. Slowly push leg downward. |
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Describe a Piriformis stretch.
page 34 |
Client: supine
Therapist: At side, facing head. Flex knee and push slightly towards clients head. Simultaneously, medially rotate ankle towards head. Continue pushing both ankle and knee towards client head. |
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Describe a Gastrocnemius stretch
page 35 |
Client: supine
Therapist: Foot of table. Flex knee NOT being stretched. Grab stretching heel with forearm along plantar surface of foot. Force a dorsal flexion of foot. |
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Describe a hamstring stretch
page 36 |
Client: supine
Therapist at side of table. Support knee joint. Raise leg, keeping minimal flexion of knee. Push ankle towards head. |
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Describe a Tibialis Anterior stretch
page 37 |
Client: supine
Therapist: At foot of table. Plantar flex and then evert foot. |
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Describe a Gluteus Meduis stretch
page 38 |
Client: sidelying
Therapist At side of table. Flex hip & knee of bottom leg. Support hip and knee of top leg. Draw top leg towards therapist, and off the side of the table. Encourage hyper-adduction of top leg. |
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Describe a Psoas Major stretch
page 39 |
Client: supine or seated at end of table.
Therapist: Facing client at foot of table, or at side. Flex knee and then slowly hyper-extend hip off the edge of the table. |
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What are 5 methods of cramp management?
page 46 |
Compression
Stretching Ice Approximation Reciprocal Inhibition |
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Describe Approximation
page 48 |
Grasp muscle on both sides of cramp and push hands towards each other for at least 7-10 seconds.
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Describe Reciprocal Inhibition
page 49 |
Isometrically contract the muscle(s) opposing the cramping muscle.
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Describe how to reciprocally inhibit a gastrocnemius cramp.
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Tell client to point their toes to their nose while therapist forces plantar flexion.
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Describe how to reciprocally inhibit a hamstring cramp.
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Tell client to straighten their leg while the therapist forces knee flexion.
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Describe how to reciprocally inhibit a quadricep cramp.
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Tell client to put their knee in their butt while therapist forces knee extension.
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What is the term that describes the body's resting state?
page 52 |
Homeostatis
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What is the general rule for sports massage contraindications?
page 53 |
If it is warm, wet and not yours, don't touch it.
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Name the 3 categories of Sports Massage, and a brief description of each.
page 54 |
Event: Application of massage prior to the event
Maintenance: Application of massage during training for the event. Restorative: Application of massage to support recovery from surgery as well as minor and severe injuries. |
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List the strokes that are applicable in Pre-Event Sports massage
page 58 |
Petrissage
Compression Vibration Friction Tapotement Stretches |
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List heat exhaustion symptoms.
page 61 |
Pulse: Weak & Rapid
Respiration: Shallow & Rapid Sweat: Extreme amount Skin: Pale and cool to the touch |
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List heat stroke symptoms.
page 61 |
Pulse: Strong & Rapid
Respiration: Deep Sweat: Little to none Skin: Red and hot to the touch |
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List the strokes that are appropriate for Post Event Massage
page 65 |
Compression
Petrissage Effleurage Vibration Range of Motion Stretching |
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What are the 2 significant differences between Pre-Event and Post-Event massage?
page 65 |
No tapotement in post-event
Only R.O.M. stretching. Post-event is slow and relaxing. Pre-event is invogorating. |
