Special Senses

Front 1

ambly-

Back 1

dullness, dimness

Front 2

audio-

Back 2

the sense of hearing

Front 3

auri-

Back 3

ear

Front 4

blephar-, blepharo-

Back 4

eyelid

Front 5

choroido-

Back 5

the choroid

Front 6

cry-, cryo-

Back 6

cold

Front 7

dextr-, detxtro-

Back 7

right side, toward the right

Front 8

dynamo-

Back 8

force, energy

Front 9

irid-, irido-

Back 9

iris

Front 10

kerat-, keratio-

Back 10

cornea

Front 11

meato-

Back 11

passage

Front 12

myring-, myringo-

Back 12

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Front 13

neur-, neuri-, neuro-

Back 13

nerve, nerve tissue

Front 14

oculo-

Back 14

eye or ocular

Front 15

ophthalm-, ophthalumo-

Back 15

pertaining to the eye

Front 16

-opia

Back 16

vision

Front 17

optico-, opto-

Back 17

optical, eye

Front 18

ot-, oto-

Back 18

ear

Front 19

phot-, photo-

Back 19

light

Front 20

oculo-

Back 20

eye or ocular

Front 21

presby-, presbyo-

Back 21

old age

Front 22

retin-, retino-

Back 22

the retina

Front 23

rhod-, rhodo-

Back 23

red color

Front 24

scler-, sclera-

Back 24

hardness

Front 25

sinistro-

Back 25

left side, toward the left

Front 26

tympan-, tympani-, tympano

Back 26

tympanum, drum

Front 27

vasculo-

Back 27

blood vessel

Front 28

special senses

Back 28

olfaction, gustation, vision, equilibrium, and hearing

Front 29

palpebrae

Back 29

eyelids

Front 30

conjunctiva

Back 30

mucous membrane covering the inner surfaces of the eyelids

Front 31

lacrimal glands

Back 31

tear-secreting glands

Front 32

lysozyme

Back 32

antibacterial enzyme of tears

Front 33

cornea

Back 33

transparent anterior part of the eye

Front 34

slcera

Back 34

whitish, outer layer of the eyeball

Front 35

choroid

Back 35

pigmented vascular layer that keeps the eye dark

Front 36

ciliary body

Back 36

thickened region o the choroid that encircles the lens of the eye and connects the choroid to the iris

Front 37

iris

Back 37

colored portion of the eye that changes shape and refracts light

Front 38

refraction

Back 38

bending of light rays to focus on the retina

Front 39

accommodation

Back 39

the automatic adjustment of the eye to focus an object to give clear vision

Front 40

retina

Back 40

light-sensitive membrane containing rods and cones that receives images from the lens and sends them to the brain

Front 41

optic nerves

Back 41

cranial nerves that connect the eye to the brain

Front 42

macula

Back 42

a small spot on the middle of the retina that contains the fovea centralis

Front 43

forvea centralis

Back 43

region of greatest visual activity

Front 44

optic disc

Back 44

circular area of the retina where nerve fibers converge to form the optic nerve; also called the blind spot

Front 45

aqueous humor

Back 45

watery, nourishing eye secretion in the anterior chamber

Front 46

vitreous humor

Back 46

semisolid fluid of the eye between the lense and retina

Front 47

rods

Back 47

rod-shaped photoreceptors that provide vision in dim light

Front 48

rhodospin

Back 48

reddish light-sensitive pigment in rods that decomposes in the presence of light

Front 49

external ear

Back 49

outer ear that contains the auricle, external acoustic meatus, and ceruminous glands

Front 50

auricle

Back 50

external cartilaginous structure that projects from the head to direct sound waves

Front 51

external acoustic meatus

Back 51

passageway between the auricle and tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Front 52

tympanic membrane

Back 52

membrane separating the external ear from the middle ear; also called the eardrum

Front 53

ceruminous glands

Back 53

glands that secrete cerumen (earwax) in the external acoustic meatus

Front 54

middle ear

Back 54

space between the external ear and internal ear that houses the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

Front 55

malleus

Back 55

hammer-shaped middle ear bone

Front 56

incus

Back 56

anvil-shaped middle ear bone between the malleus and the stapes

Front 57

stapes

Back 57

stirrup-shaped middle ear bone connected to the oval window

Front 58

oval window

Back 58

membranous opening between the middle ear and the internal ear

Front 59

internal ear

Back 59

fluid-filled part of the ear that contains the cochlea and semicircular canals

Front 60

bony labyrinth

Back 60

complex of tubes and chambers that includes the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea

Front 61

semicircular canals

Back 61

bony tubes situated in three planes that are involved with equilibrium

Front 62

vestibules

Back 62

chamber between the semicircular canals that is involved with equilibrium

Front 63

membranous labyrinth

Back 63

fluid-filled tube that lines the bony labyrinth

Front 64

cochlea

Back 64

internal ear structure that houses the essential organs of hearing

Front 65

spiral organ

Back 65

location of the hearing receptors in the cochlea; also called organ of Corti

Front 66

auditory tube

Back 66

canal connecting the middle ear to the pharynx (throat)

Front 67

hair cells

Back 67

receptors of hearing in the inner ear

Front 68

ophthalmoscope

Back 68

medical instrument with a light source and mirror used to examine the eye's interior through the pupil

Front 69

cataract

Back 69

partial or complete opacity of the lens

Front 70

slit lamp

Back 70

instrument that is used to examine the eye while aiming a light beam directly into it

Front 71

conjunctivitis

Back 71

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Front 72

glaucoma

Back 72

eye disease caused by increased intraocular pressure

Front 73

tonometry

Back 73

measurement of eye pressure using a tonometer

Front 74

keratitis

Back 74

inflammation of the cornea

Front 75

strabismus

Back 75

problem related to abnormal alignment of the eyes; also called crossed eyes

Front 76

amblyopia

Back 76

loss or lack of development of the central vision in one eye that is unrelated to any eye health problem; also called a lazy eye

Front 77

vision therapy

Back 77

sequence of activities that are individually prescribed to develop ocular muscles, visual skills, and visual processing; also called orthoptic training

Front 78

uveitis

Back 78

inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, and lens)

Front 79

myopia

Back 79

refractive problem in which light rays focus in front of the retina, commonly called nearsightedness

Front 80

hyperopia

Back 80

refractive problem in which the light rays focus behind the retina, commonly called farsightedness

Front 81

presbyopia

Back 81

vision disorder resulting from diminished accommodation due to impaired lens elasticity

Front 82

astigmatism

Back 82

eye disorder that results from irregular cornea or lens curvature

Front 83

radial keratotomy

Back 83

surgical procedure for correcting vision in which incisions are made into the cornea

Front 84

LASIK surgery

Back 84

eye surgery to correct vision in which a laser reshapes the inner cornea; acronym for laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

Front 85

retinopathy

Back 85

noninflammatory degenerative disease of the retina

Front 86

fluorescein angiography

Back 86

x-ray mapping of the vascular eye pattern after introduction of a yellow dye into a peripheral vein

Front 87

diabetic retinopathy

Back 87

retinal disease resulting from diabetes mellitus

Front 88

vitrectomy

Back 88

surgical removal of vitreous humor and simultaneous replacement with a synthetic vitreous gel

Front 89

detached retina

Back 89

separation of the retina from its normal position on the posterior eye

Front 90

floaters

Back 90

abnormal small specks seen in the field of vision

Front 91

flashes

Back 91

illusion of flashing lights seen in the field of vision

Front 92

cryotherapy

Back 92

tissue freezing

Front 93

intraocular gas bubble

Back 93

introduction of a gas bubble into the vitreous cavity

Front 94

scleral buckle

Back 94

a silicone and that is placed ont he scleral periphery to tighten the retina

Front 95

macular degeneration

Back 95

pathological changes of the macula

Front 96

laser photocoagulation

Back 96

treatment technique that cauterizes blood vessels with a laser

Front 97

age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Back 97

disease affecting the macula of the eye as a result of aging

Front 98

nystagmus

Back 98

involuntary oscillatory eyeball movement

Front 99

blepharitis

Back 99

inflammation of the eyelid

Front 100

blepharoptosis

Back 100

upper eyelid drooping

Front 101

hordeolum

Back 101

a sty

Front 102

chalazion

Back 102

inflammation of the eyelid from a blocked tarsal gland

Front 103

otitis externa

Back 103

inflammation of the external acoustic meatus caused by an infection; also called swimmers ear

Front 104

deafness

Back 104

partial or complete hearing loss

Front 105

audiometry

Back 105

evaluation using an audiometer to test a person's ability to hear a range of sound

Front 106

audiogram

Back 106

record of auditory acuity measured by an audiometer

Front 107

conduction deafness

Back 107

haring loss with ossicle movement

Front 108

sensorineural deafness

Back 108

hearing loss involving a damaged cochlea or auditory nerve

Front 109

presbycusis

Back 109

haring loss associated with old age

Front 110

otitis media

Back 110

acute inflammation of the middle ear cavity, usually due to an infection

Front 111

otoscopy

Back 111

visualization of the external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane with an otoscope

Front 112

myringotomy

Back 112

incision through the tympanic membrane (myringa) to drain fluid

Front 113

tympanostomy tubes

Back 113

tubes placed as a passageway for fluid drainage through the tympanic membrane

Front 114

cholesteatoma

Back 114

cyst in the middle ear that grows into bone

Front 115

mastoiditis

Back 115

inflammation of mastoid cells in the mastoid process of the temporal bone

Front 116

tinnitus

Back 116

perception of sound, such as ringing or hissing in the ears, in the absence of any environmental noise

Front 117

otoclerosis

Back 117

ear disorder in which new bone is deposited in the internal ear

Front 118

stapedectomy

Back 118

surgical removal of the stapes

Front 119

labyrinthitis

Back 119

inflammation of the internal ear labyrinth that causes nausea and loss of balance

Front 120

Meniere disease

Back 120

disease of the internal ear caused by fluid accumulation in the labyrinth; it is characterized by deafness, tinnitus, and vertigo

Front 121

electronystagmography (ENG)

Back 121

method of recording eye movements in response to stimuli

Front 122

A.D.

Back 122

right ear

Front 123

AMD

Back 123

age-related macular degeneration

Front 124

A.S.

Back 124

left ear

Front 125

A/V ratio

Back 125

artery to vein ration

Front 126

A.U.

Back 126

each ear, both ears

Front 127

CN

Back 127

cranial nerve

Front 128

CS

Back 128

cortical spokes

Front 129

ECCE

Back 129

extracapsular cataract extraction

Front 130

ENG

Back 130

electronystagmagraphy

Front 131

H

Back 131

hyperopia

Front 132

IOL

Back 132

intraocular lens

Front 133

IOP

Back 133

intraocular pressure

Front 134

LASIK

Back 134

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

Front 135

MD

Back 135

medical doctor

Front 136

M

Back 136

myopia

Front 137

NS

Back 137

nuclear sclerosis

Front 138

O.D.

Back 138

right ey

Front 139

OD

Back 139

doctor of optometry

Front 140

O.S.

Back 140

left eye

Front 141

O.U.

Back 141

each eye; both eyes

Front 142

PD

Back 142

pupil distance

Front 143

Pr

Back 143

presbyopia

Front 144

VA

Back 144

visual acuity

Front 145

VF

Back 145

visual field