Sound Expression

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Group: 404

Name: Paola Michelle Guerrero

ID: A01570199

Hertz

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Frequency unit from the international measuring system that equals the repetition of a phenomenon whose period is a second.

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Frequency

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Rate per second of a vibration constituting a wave.

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Echolocation

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Process in which an animal can identify the intensity and length of a noise, and calculate the orientation and distance from the object.

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Infrasound

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A frequency lower 20 Hz.

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Ultrasound

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A frequency higher than 20,000 Hz.

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Sound

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Vibration that travels through the air or another medium and can be heard when it reaches a person's or animal's ear.

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Elasticity

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Attribute of a material to recover its extension and shape at the moment a force that deforms it stops falling upon it.

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Acoustics

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Branch of physics concerned with the properties of sound.

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Transducer

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Transforms a type of energy into another one.

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Tuning fork

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The action of turning something on.

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Compression

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The action of being reduced in volume.

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Rarefraction

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The tendency of molecules to scatter somewhere else when many congregate in one place.

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Cycle

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Complete sequence of a periodic vibration that goes from rarefraction to compression.

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Period

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Time interval in which a cycle takes place.

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Sound wave frequency

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Number of cycles that go through a same point during a second.

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Wavelength

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Distance that the sound goes through in a complete cycle of change in pressure.

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Amplitude

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Distance between the equilibrium position and the maximum wave point.

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Tone

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Subjective perception of frequency; may be high pitched or low pitched.

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Decibel (dB)

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Comparison measure between the minimum humans are able to listen to and the level we want to calculate.

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Absorption

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Part of the acoustic energy is absorbed by the object and then transformed into heat.

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Reflection

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One part of the acoustic energy will change its direction when crashing with the edge of an object.

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Refraction

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Change of direction in the sound wave.

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Bitrate

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Quality of compression, measured in kilobytes per second.

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Codecs

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Algorythm used for encoding the information of a sound file on a digital file.

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Wrappers

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Way of organizing information related to the digital audio.

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WAV

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Most used format with no compression. It belongs to Microsoft.

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AIFF

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Format used in the Apple platform.

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CDA

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Industrial standard used to encode the audio of compact (CD's).

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MP3

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One of the first ones to get the highest compressions without much data loss.

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AAC

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Used by Apple. It can handle a larger level of compression without reducing its quality.

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MIDI

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Musical Instrumental Digital Interface, a communication protocol allowing electronic musical instruments and other devices to communicate among them.

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Audacity

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Application for sound editing.

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Garage Band

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Application for sound editing, available in Apple.

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Monaural sound

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Audio stored in one single channel, and lacking spatial sensation. Also called mono.

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Stereophonic sound

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Audio stored in two channels that can be reproduced in different loudspeakers and simulate the sensation of listening on one single side. Also called stereo sound.

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Surround sound

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Audio stored in more channels located arround us: three at the front (left, center, and right) two in the back (left and right) and one more producing frequencies from 20 to 200 Hz.

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Streaming

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Reproducing of sound where it is not necessary to download the file to a device.