Chapter 3 Sound Expression

Front 1

hertz

Back 1

A unit of frequency

Front 2

frequency

Back 2

the number of items occurring in a given category

Front 3

echolocation

Back 3

the general method of locating objects by determining the time for anecho to return and the direction from which it returns, as by radar orsonar

Front 4

infrasound

Back 4

sound with frequencies below the audible range.

Front 5

ultrasound

Back 5

sound with a frequency greater than 20,000 Hz,approximately the upper limit of human hearing.

Front 6

sound

Back 6

the sensation produced by stimulation of the organs of hearing byvibrations transmitted through the air or other medium.

Front 7

elasticity

Back 7

the property of a substance that enables it to change itslength, volume, or shape in direct response to a force effecting such achange and to recover its original form upon the removal of the force.

Front 8

acoustics

Back 8

pertaining to the sense or organs of hearing, to sound, or to the scienceof sound.

Front 9

transducer

Back 9

a device that receives a signal in the form of one type of energy andconverts it to a signal in another form

Front 10

tuning fork

Back 10

a steel instrument consisting of a stem with two prongs, producing amusical tone of definite, constant pitch when struck, and serving as astandard for tuning musical instruments, making acousticalexperiments, and the like.

Front 11

compression

Back 11

the effect, result, or consequence of being compressed.

Front 12

rarefaction

Back 12

the reduction of an item's density

Front 13

cycle

Back 13

any complete round or series of occurrences that repeats or isrepeated.

Front 14

period

Back 14

any specified division or portion of time

Front 15

sound wave frquency

Back 15

any specified division or portion of time

Front 16

wavelength

Back 16

the distance, measured in the direction of propagation of awave, between two successive points in the wave that arecharacterized by the same phase of oscillation.

Front 17

amplitude

Back 17

the state or quality of being ample, especially as to breadth or width;largeness; greatness of extent.

Front 18

tone

Back 18

any sound considered with reference to its quality, pitch, strength,source, etc.:

Front 19

decibel

Back 19

a unit used to express the intensity of a sound wave, equal to 20 timesthe common logarithm of the ratio of the pressure produced by thesound wave to a reference pressure, usually 0.0002 microbar.

Front 20

absorption

Back 20

the removal of energy or particles from a beam by themedium through which the beam propagates.

Front 21

reflection

Back 21

the return of light, heat, sound, etc., after striking a surface

Front 22

refraction

Back 22

the change of direction of a ray of light, sound, heat, or thelike, in passing obliquely from one medium into another in which itswave velocity is different.

Front 23

bitrate

Back 23

describes the rate at which bits are transferred from one location to another.

Front 24

codecs

Back 24

Audio and video files are compressed with a certain codec when they are saved and then decompressed by the codec when they are played back.

Front 25

wrappers

Back 25

a person or thing that wraps.

Front 26

WAV

Back 26

is a Microsoft and IBM audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs.

Front 27

AIFF

Back 27

Short for Audio Interchange File Format, a common format for storing and transmitting sampled sound.

Front 28

CDA

Back 28

audio files that can be stored on CD media

Front 29

MP3

Back 29

A portable consumer electronic device that allows you to store and plays music files in MP3 format

Front 30

AAC

Back 30

Short for Advanced Audio Coding, one of the audio compression formats defined by the MPEG-2 standard

Front 31

MIDI

Back 31

A standard adopted by the electronic music industry for controlling devices, such as synthesizers and sound cards, that emit music.

Front 32

Audacity

Back 32

Audacity is the name of a popular open source multilingual audio editor and recorder software that is used to record and edit sounds.

Front 33

Garage Band

Back 33

record songs, make beats, publish podcasts, share MP3s

Front 34

monaural sound

Back 34

Commonly called mono sound, mono, or non-stereo sound, this early sound system used a single channel of audio for sound output. In monophonic sound systems, the signal sent to the sound system encodes one single stream of sound and it usually uses just one speaker.

Front 35

stereophonic sound

Back 35

sound produced by a stereo

Front 36

surround sound

Back 36

sound that emerges from the surrounds

Front 37

streaming

Back 37

Streaming or media streaming is a technique for transferring data so that it can be processed as a steady and continuous stream.