Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Conversion of nutrients from organic to mineral (inorganic) form |
Mineralization |
|
|
Vertical movement of water due to gravitational forces |
Percolation |
|
|
Water so tightly held by the charges in the soil that is is unavailable to plants |
Hygroscopic water |
|
|
Fine textured soils will have a |
High buffering capacity - more surface area for more cation exchange capacity, more sites allows for less effect by things like leaching |
|
|
Nitrogen fixing bacteria that has a mutualistic relationship with Fabaceae |
Rhizobia |
|
|
When new leaves are green and old leaves are yellow |
Nitrogen deficiency |
|
|
When nutrients get tied up in organic form |
Immobilization |
|
|
Nitrogen's form when available to plants |
Nitrate |
|
|
Ability for a soil to resist pH change or nutrient loss during leaching |
Buffering capacity |
|
|
Part of the chlorophyll molecule |
Nitrogen, magnesium |
|
|
Nitrogen fixing bacteria that has a relationship with alder |
Frankia |
|
|
Small charged particles in soil water |
Colloids |
|
|
New leaves have interveinal chlorosis, old leaves are fine |
Iron deficiency |
|
|
Water movement in micropores of soil |
Capillary action |
|
|
Fine textured soils layered over coarse |
Perched water table |
|
|
Nitrogen lost to the atmosphere |
Denitrification |
|
|
Nitrogen |
Protein (amino acids), mobile, promotes growth, deficiency: yellowing of older and all leaves, part of chlorophyll molecule |
|
|
What are the primary macronutrients? |
Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium (NPK) |
|
|
What are the secondary macronutrients? |
Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur |
|
|
What is the unavailable form of nitrogen? |
Nitrites (NO2-) |
|
|
Phosphorous |
Essential for growth, in every living cell, root development and flowering, can tie up iron, deficiency: leaves reddening |
|
|
How do micro organisms help soil? |
Nutrient cycling (carbon, nitrogen cycle), food chain, soil structure |
|
|
Two types of (bacteria) parasites: pathogens and mutualists. Give an example of each |
Pathogen: negatively affects host, example: powdery mildew, rust, black spot Mutualistic: mycorrhizal fungi |
|
|
What are decomposers called? |
Saprophytes |
|
|
Compost: Carbon:nitrogen ratio too high... |
C:N too high —> bacteria doesn't have enough nitrogen, composting slows down, compost will be cold |
|
|
Composting: C:N too low |
C:N too low —> excess nitrogen will be lost to atmosphere as ammonia gas, pile will stink like ammonia |
|
|
Compost: moisture levels too low |
(35-40% is too low). Bacteria decomposition will stop at 15%, well functioning pile will dry out due to evaporation |
|
|
Composting: moisture too high |
(60% too high). Pile becomes anaerobic, decomposition is slow, nutrients are leached from soil, smelly |
|
|
Compost: oxygen too high |
Materials may combust, dry out if not irrigated |
|
|
Compost: oxygen too low |
Will decompose, but take a very long time |
