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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gender (stratification)--functionalism
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division of labor
men= provider women= caretaker |
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gender (Strat)--conflict
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opportunities unequally distributed
glass ceiling effect power is unequal |
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gender (Strat)--interactionism
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diff. communication styles
interrupt= men ask questions = women women want to make connections and develop intimacy men want to gain the upperhand and pwr |
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sexism
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the belief that one sex is superior or inferior to the other
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unequal treatment of women--workplace
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occupational segregation
wage gap: for every $1 that men make, women make 76 cents sexual harassment |
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sexual harassment (2)
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1) quid pro quo
2) hostile environment |
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quid pro quo
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this for that
sexual behaviors traded for rewards |
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hostile environment
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uncomfrotable situations
innappropriate comments, looks, jokes, etc |
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the graying of america
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size of elderly population is growing
longer life expectancy |
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aging--functionalism
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disengagement theory
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disengagement thoery
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a theory explaining how society prevents disruptionw hen the elderly vacate or disengage from their positions of responsibility
the elderly smoothly remove themselves at the same time as the young move in and take their places |
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aging--interactionism
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activity theory
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activity theory
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the more activities the elderly engage in, the greater their life satifsfaction
discusses what happens after they retire |
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aging--conflict theory
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oppressed by other groups
ageism |
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ageism
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prejudice directed at people because of their age
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baby boomers
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60s/70s: a lot of power due to large disposable income
lots of cultural clout now: less financially secure less cultural clout we hold it now |
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the stigma of aging
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2 sterotypes of elderly:
1) ill, slow, dependent, poor 2) wealthy, powerful 1) self-fulfilling prophecy, other ppl impose limitations so they fit this description 2) other ppl may not offer the help that elderly really need, take away social security or political pwr most elderly fall b/t these two extremes |
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gender inequality across cultures
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what we think of as gender inequality is all relative
you must make a cross-cultural comparison |
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family
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a set of ppl related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society
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family scope
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nuclear family
extended family |
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nuclear family
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married couple and their unmarried children living together
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extended family
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additional relatives beyond the parents and children live in the same home
more commone among racial and ethnic minorities |
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timing and purpose
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family of orientation
family of procreation |
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family of orientation
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the family in which the individual grew up in
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family of procreation
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the family which is formed when a couple marries or has their first child
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monogamy
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a marriage of one male to one female
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serial monogomy
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the idea that one can have multiple spouses in one's lifetime, but only one at a time
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polygamy
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marriage between one person of one sex and a minimum of two persons of the other sex
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polygyny
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b/t one man and multiple women
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polyandry
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one woman and multiple men
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patriarchy
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authority is vested primarily in the father
traditional |
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matriarchy
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mother primarily has the authority
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egalitarian family
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pwr and authority are more equally balanced b/t parents
common now |
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dual-earner families
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increase
"second shift" |
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second shift
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over 50 dual-earner couples for 8 yrs observed
in a 12-month period, women ended up working an extra month of 24-hour days (work then kids and house afterwards)--second shift |
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divorce rate
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steady since 1980's
highest of all industrailized countries # of divorces in one yr/# of existing marriages in that yr 2% |
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single-parent families
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families maintained by a parent who has never married or who is between marriages
fastest growing type of family in the US 25% of all families >80% are headed by mothers 50% are below poverty line |
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blended families
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a family whose members were once part of other families
over 15% of children live with a step-parent in the US |
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voluntary childlessness
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childfree
>15% of women don't have kids during their childbearing yrs |
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cohabitation
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increse
same-sex couples, try-out prd, etc increases chance of divorce later on |
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ecclesiae
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religious organizations that claim to include most or all of the members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion
church and govnt work together very large and pretty rare |
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denominations
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large, organized religions that are not officially llinked with govnt
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sects
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religious groups that have broken away from some other religious organizaation to return to what they believe to be the roots of the faith
small |
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cults
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religious groups representing eigher a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith
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church membership
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increasing
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worship
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decreasing
26% attend worship service every week |
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highest rate of church membership
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south
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lowest rate of church membership
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west
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upper class religions
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jewish, episcopalian
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lower class religions
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baptists, sects
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racial/ethnic religions
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greek-americans: orthodox
african-americans: baptist latinos and irish: catholic |
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age and religion
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membership increases with age
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functions served by religion
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integrates society: rituals, sense of solidarity
links individuals to the larger society guidelines for daily life sense of meaning and purpose |
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dysfunctions of religion
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war
justify persecution |
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education--conflict theory
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unequal funding
tracking intelligence tests race/ethnicity and college attendance |
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tracking in education
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sorting students based on some real or perceived abilites
general, college prep, honors |
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intelligence tests
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culturally biased
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race/ethnicity and college attendance
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improving, but minorities are still less likely to go to college
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education--interactionism
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teacher-expectancy effect: the impact that a teacher's expectations about a student's performance may have upon the student's actual achievements
ray rist experiment |
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violence in city schools
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after school programs are underfunded-- only certain students are eligible because some can't afford it, low grades, or behavioral probs
those who are most at risk of turning to violence are ineligible to participate few programs in elementary schools--needs to be more to make it part of their routine |
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the appeal of cults
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negative connotation
selective view of what cults are or what they do why join? sense of belonging and structure/certainty |
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staying single
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increase
25% of all households are single adults higher avg age at first marriage |
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family--functionalism (6)
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outcome of the family
6 functions: 1) reproduction 2) protection--dependence for survival 3) socialization 4) regualation of sexual behavior (monogomy, sex ed, etc) 5) affection and companionship 6) providing social status |
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family--conflict theory
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as a social institution, family exacurbates gender, as well as social class, inequalities (ie patriarchal families, second shit)
recreate the status quo--pass it on |
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family--interactionism
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focuses on interactions b/t family members, emphasizing the importance of socialization
teaching process |
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who's minding the kids?
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peers and media are the ones watching over kids
who isn't? schools, family, religion peers: may not know right from wrong, stay silent |
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let the system do it
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socialization
why let the system do it? efficiency, out of sight, out of mind uncomfortable, fearful NIMBY |
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NIMBY
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not in my back yard
in regard to prisons and mental institutions |
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religion--conflict theory
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Weber: connection b/t religion and capitalist development
protestant ethics in relation to capitalism Marx: religion hinders social change by encouraging oppressed ppl to focus on other worldly concerns rather than on their state of poverty or exploitation |
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religion--interactionsm
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belief, ritual, experience
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education--functionalism
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manifest (open) functions: knowledge, status
latent (hidden) functions: transmitting culture, promoting social and political integration, maintaining social constrol, and serving as agents of change |
