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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Organization
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-Two or more people
-Common Goal -Set of rules -Division of labor -Hierarchy |
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Charles Warriner's 4 Approaches to Understanding Organizations
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NOMINALISM
INTERACTIONIST NEO-NOMINALIST REALIST |
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NOMINALIST
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Groups NOT real entities
Clubs, Class, Teams |
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INTERACTIONIST
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Neither group nor individual are real except in terms of the other.
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NEO-NOMINALIST
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Groups and individuals BOTH real BUT individuals are more real
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REDUCTIONISM
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Using smaller disciplines to explain larger ones.
International Economics Politics Sociology Psychology Biology Microbiology Math |
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REALIST
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-Group just as real as person
-Both abstract terms -Group understandable only in terms of social processes, not by references to individual psychology. |
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IDEOLOGY in social research
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One's background will influence what they want to study
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PUBLIC POLICY in social research
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Certain laws will dictate how research will be conducted
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CORPORATIONS NEEDS in social research
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Want to look good and make a profit
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What are the politics of what research will be conducted and which results will be released.
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-Open to public
-If it's offensive -Cost of research |
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4 Research Methods
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PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
OBSERVATIONS CASE STUDIES SECONDARY DATA |
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PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
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Researchers participate and disclose they are researchers
-HAWTHORNE EFFECT Change behavior since they are aware of researchers |
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OBSERVATIONS
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Don't participate and don't disclose
Ethical limitation (voluntary consent) |
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CASE STUDIES
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Interviews, documents and observation
Longer period of time, more data |
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SECONDARY DATA
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Current population Survey (CPS)
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LABOR FORCE
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All workers in a region
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Employed
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Worked at least one hour a week for pay
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Unemployed
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Not employed who sought out work in the last 4 weeks
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NOT-IN-LABOR-FORCE
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Students, disabled, house keepers
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How are labor force participation rates calculated?
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(Labor force/All nonistitutionalized people over the age of 16)*100
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How is the unemployment rate calculated?
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(unemployed/labor force)*100
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What % of Americans are in the Labor Force?
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66.4%
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What is the unemployment rate?
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5%
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Difference between Occupation and Industry?
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Service=Occupation
Production=Industry |
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Why is McDonald's is one of the most influential developments in the 20th century?
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It has changed almost every aspect of people's lives.
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History of McDonald's?
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McDonald Brothers opened original restaraunt.
Ray Crock bought it, opened many more. |
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What is McDonaldization?
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Process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of societies.
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How has McDonaldization affected us?
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-People have no patience
-Quantity over quality -Homogenization |
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4 Dimensions of McDonaldization
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-Efficiency
-Calculability -Predictability -Control |
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Max Weber
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-Sociologist during Industrial Revolution
-Growing urban areas, technology improving, people's lives getting a little easier. -''Search for optimum means to a given end that is shaped by rules and larger social structures.'' -His theory is one of the main goals of a bureaucracy. |
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EFFICIENCY
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Optimum means to a given end
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Examples of efficiency at McDonalds
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Division of labor
Drive thru Disposable condiments |
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EFFICIENCY in Society
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Salad Bars, microwave meals, voicemail systems, Just-in-time system
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CALCULABILITY
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Emphasis on quantifying things
Things can be counted and measured |
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Calculability at McDonalds
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Quality of food
Amount of food Cost of food Speed of food delivery |
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Calculability in Society
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TV Ratings
24 Second shot clock Player Stats |
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PREDICTABILITY
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Knowing that past experiences will be the same as new experiences
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Predictability in McDonalds
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-Basic layout
-Food taste -Menu -Customer Relations |
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Predictability in Society
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Movies
Music Frozen foods |
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How is increased control and replacement of human with nonhuman technology the ultimate goal of efficiency, calculability and predictability?
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With increased control comes increased profits
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How are employees and customers controlled at McDonald's?
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Employees only have certain responsibilities.
Customers can only order certain foods. |
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What is meant by ''irrationality of rationality?''
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Denying human creativity and wasting human potential
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Who was Frederick Taylor?
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Time and Motion studies
Scientific Management |
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SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
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Produced a non-human technology to exert control over workers to work efficiently, predictably and calculably.
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