Sociology Of Sex And Gender, Soc 301, Canada

Front 1

Sex

Back 1

-Ascribed status

-Biological apparatuses

Front 2

Gender

Back 2

-Achieved status

-sociological, cultural traits linked to males and females

-"Masculinity" "femininity"

Front 3

Gender Indentity

Back 3

-Fluid, Relational, Evolving

-Sense of self as a gendered person

-Man, Woman, Trans, Agendered

Front 4

Sexual Orientation

Back 4

-Homosexual, Heterosexual, Asexual, Bisexual

-How people classify themselves sexually

-Sexual & Emotional interest in others

Front 5

Gender system

Back 5

-The system of meaning & differentiation linked to the sexes through social arrangements

-Gender is SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED

Front 6

Opportunity Structures

Back 6

Patterns of easier access to some positions/experiences/resources

Front 7

Gender Perspective

Back 7

-C Wright Mills

-we respond to the world we encounter, shaping & modifying our identities though encounters & within social institutions

Front 8

Patriarchy

Back 8

-Society is hierarchically organized with males dominating most of the positions of power/wealth.

-male dominated/identified/centered

Front 9

Sociological Dimension

Back 9

-Cultural backdrop

-Instruction manual

-symbols, norms, beliefs, media

Front 10

Gender Polarization

Back 10

-Pervasive organization of social life based around gender differences

-Exaggeration of differences

Front 11

Gender Lense

1) Essentialist Lense

2)Patriarchy Lens

Back 11

-Sandea Bem (1993)

1) Men & women are innately different

2) A degree of inequality is inevitable

Front 12

Essentialism

Back 12

Males & Females are inherently, biologically different

Front 13

Alpha Bias

Back 13

Belief that science is objective, value free, appolitical

Front 14

Faulty science

-Causality vs Correlation

(3 criteria of true causality)

Back 14

1) Consistent pattern

2) Consistent time order

3) No alternative factors can satisfactorily explain relationship

Front 15

Why is Gender Polarization so Pervasive?

Back 15

-Scientific explanations "ring true"

-Fit w/ own observations

-Conceptual tidiness

-Reassurance that inequalities "are not our fault"

Front 16

What is Harmful about the Essentialist Lens?

Back 16

-Differences imbues w/ differential value

-Innate Differences = inevitability of inequalities = change is not possible (ex. conservative lens)

Front 17

Scripts

Back 17

-Normative expectations

-Cultural standards of masculinity/femininity

-guide behavior, assessments

Front 18

Sex Roles Theory

Back 18

-Talcott Parson's

-Society links overarching attitudes & activities to each sex (Dominant Scripts)

Front 19

Hegemonic Masculinity

Back 19

-Dominant male script

-"act like a man"

1)Competition, success, achievement

2)self reliance, assertiveness, strength, toughness

3)Anti-feminie

Front 20

Emphasized Femeninity

Back 20

-Dominant Feminine script

-"act like a lady"

1)Nurturance

2)Appearance

Front 21

Social Role Theory

Back 21

A set of patterned MUTUALLY INTER-DEPENDENT, social relations between a social person and a social circle involving NEGOTIATED duties and obligations, rights & privileges.

Front 22

Status Expectation Theory

Back 22

-Status ranking of groups; some groups are superior (we are aware)

-More value attached to the status "male"

Same behavior + Different Status = Different perception

Front 23

Nurturance Norms

Back 23

-Oriented to accommodating the interests, desires of men

-Display or sociability

-Acceptance of marriage & child care

"The Motherhood Mandate"

Front 24

Feminine Mystique (Myth)

Back 24

-Betty Friedan

-The deception brought by the image of Nurturance Norms

-Internalized patriarchy/Oppression

-Punishments

Front 25

Appearance Norms

Back 25

# activities to make the body appear feminine

1)Size

2)Comportment

3)Ornamentation

Front 26

Beauty Bias

Back 26

-Sandra Bartky

Internalized Oppression; Women discipline their bodies to achieve the emphasized idea (ideal body)

Front 27

The Beauty Myth

Back 27

-Noomi Wolf

-The demands of appearance norm, limit woman's potential

-Pressure to conform; mental health issues

Front 28

Plurality of Masculinities & Femininities

Back 28

-Mathews & Beaman

-We are more accepting of new Stereotypes/norms

-Ex. Tenderness Masculinity

Front 29

Sapir Worf Hypothesis

Back 29

Language shaped understanding

Front 30

Linguistic Determinism

Back 30

-Understanding influenced by language

-Patterns of Linguistic Sexism

-language devalues defines ones sex's "place" in society unequally or ignored altogether

Front 31

Linguistic Sexism

Back 31

1) Difference in the way men and women are treated

2)Differing treatment is less favorable toward one sex

3)Basis for difference is gender related

Front 32

Naming Conventions

Back 32

(Type of Linguistic Sexism)

How we address men and women; titles of respect

ex. Mr. Mrs. Ms.

Front 33

Pronoun Sexism

Back 33

(Type of Linguistic Sexism)

-When gender of pronoun antecedent unknown

-Automatic choice involving stereotyped assumptions

(ex. language about jobs; nurse vs doctor)

Front 34

Spotlighting

Back 34

(Type of Linguistic Sexism)

-When discussing a person whose gender does not match traditional notions

-highlights gender when gender is irrelevant

-Irrelevant reference to physical appearance or Domestic relationship

Front 35

Generic term

Back 35

All purpose, gender free word

Front 36

False Generic Form

Back 36

Claims to include all people but doesn't

Ex. Man kind

Front 37

False Generic Pronoun/Masculine Generic

Back 37

-HE

-Most male/false generic form have been eliminated

Front 38

Reflection Hypothesis

Back 38

Media reflects the values of mainstream culture; behaviors, relationships, values, norms that are most prevalent in society

Front 39

Cultivation Theory

Back 39

-Media shapes/creates culture by structuring info & defining "normal"

-Over time media cultivates perceptions of reality

-incomplete/inaccurate representations (skewed world view)

-Cumulative & Overarching impact