Bachelor Of Social Work

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Sociology

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Systematic study of human societies, with special emphasis on social groups in modern industrialized systems.

Study patterns of social behaviour to make sense of society eg divorce, substance abuse, aging, immigration.

Relationships, groups,institutions and societies, health and illness, racial and ethnic conflicts, poverty, education, immigration, sexuality, gender, class, crime and punishment, family, love, environment and economic development all come under the scope of sociology.

Sociology is culture, socialisation, social interaction, social organizations and institutions, social inequality and environment.

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Sociological Understanding

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Includes investigations about patterns of thinking and human behaviour.

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Worldview

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Sets of beliefs that shape the way we see the world.

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Stereotypes

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Exaggerated and prejudiced view of a person or group.

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Society

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A group of people who share culture and territory.

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Culture

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Language, beliefs, values, norms and material objects that are passed from one generation to another

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Capitalism

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An economic system that allows individuals to own, buy and sell goods and labour.

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Minority Group

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People singled out for unequal treatment based on their physical and cultural characteristics.

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Socialisation

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The ways by which we learn then values, beliefs, rules and regulation of society to equip us to effectively function in a society.

It is the way we learn to socialize.

Is complex and throughout life we learn to take on many roles with different expected behaviours.

"Socialisation is the process that teaches the norms, values and other aspects of a culture to new group members" (Carl, 2010:84).

Institutions are at the core of the Socialisation process such as family, schools, church, iwi, legal framework.

Is a lifelong process.

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Theory

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General statement about how some parts of the world fit together; statement about how two or more facts are related to one another.

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Values

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Ideas about what is good or worthwhile in life.

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Agency

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The ability of people to shape their social life by adaptation, negotiation and changing behaviours and choices.

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Social Facts

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Values, cultural norms, and social structures that transcend the individual and can exercise social control.

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Norms

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Informal understandings that govern the behaviours of members of society.

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3 Key Phases of Socialization

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PRIMARY - within the family. Here we learn how to talk, walk, think, behave, we learn about what is right and wrong.

SECONDARY - is the process of learning the norms and values of a particular culture and what is acceptable behaviour in society. It takes place outside of the home, often in the classroom.

TERTIARY - Happens when an individual goes out and integrates into the world/society.

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Primary Socialisation

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Internalization of the fundamental culture and ideals of a society.

Shaping of norms, values and beliefs when a child has little understanding of the wider world.

Process of mouldings.

Might not be in accord to the dominant cultural viewpoint.

Influences the acquisition of linguistic styles and cultural patterns.

Classical theory sees family as a dominant socializing force.

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Secondary Socialisation

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Learning about our place in a broader social context, so needs to involve other key agents. (Education, media, peer groups - even at a young age helps to form self understanding and identity, Iwi, Church)

Schools are a key agents during this phase.

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Socialisation is Complex

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The reality is Socialisation is much more complex than the three phases and we now understand socialisation within key life stages.

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Socialisation through Key Life Stages

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CHILDHOOD (from birth to about age 12)

Historically children were seen as miniature adults, who served an apprenticeship. They worked, were beaten and were expected to operate the same moral code as adults.

Current view is that children are tender and innocent and parents should guide the physical, emotional and social development of their children while providing them with care comfort and protection.

ADOLESCENCE (ages 13 - 17)

Adolescence is a social invention. Economic changes resulting from the Industrial Revolution brought about material surpluses that allowed western teenagers to remain outside the labour force.

Increasing the demand for education.

Adolescence is a process to discover 'self' - clothing, hairstyles, language, music, behaviours and other claims to separate identities.

TRANSITIONAL ADULTHOOD (ages 18 - 29)

Adult responsibilities are postponed through extended education.

Many people return home and live with parents to save money and establish career.

EARLY MIDDLE YEARS (ages 30 - 49)

People are sure of themselves and their goals in life than earlier, but severe jolts such as divorce or losing a job can occur.

Period of trying to "have it all" - career and family etc

LATER MIDDLE YEARS (ages 50 - 65)

A different view of life emerges, including trying to evaluate the past and coming to terms with what lies ahead.

May feel career has peaked, life, health and mortality become more pressing.

Materially stable.

Kids left home.

OLDER YEARS (about age 65 and on)

THE TRANSITIONAL OLDER YEARS:

Improvements in nutrition, public health, and medical care delay the onset of old age.

For many, this period is an extension of middle years.

Those who still work or are socially active are unlikely to see themselves as old.

THE LATER OLDER YEARS:

Growing frailty and illness.

Loss of independence.

Vulnerable, loss of control.

Loss and death.

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The Sociological Imagination

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Refers to a way of thinking about society in a structured way, seeing the strange in the familiar.